diff --git a/php/src/AccessException.php b/php/src/AccessException.php
index 629ec39..bacf080 100644
--- a/php/src/AccessException.php
+++ b/php/src/AccessException.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 <?php
 namespace nulib;
 
-use LogicException;
+use RuntimeException;
 
 /**
  * Class AccessException: indiquer que la resource ou l'objet auquel on veut
  * accéder n'est pas accessible. il s'agit donc d'une erreur de l'utilisateur
  */
-class AccessException extends LogicException {
+class AccessException extends RuntimeException {
   static final function read_only(?string $dest=null, ?string $prefix=null): self {
     if ($prefix) $prefix = "$prefix: ";
     if ($dest === null) $dest = "this property";
diff --git a/php/src/cache/CacheData.php b/php/src/cache/CacheData.php
index 5ad37c0..9d791a6 100644
--- a/php/src/cache/CacheData.php
+++ b/php/src/cache/CacheData.php
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 <?php
 namespace nulib\cache;
 
-use nulib\cl;
 use nulib\php\func;
-use Traversable;
 
 /**
  * Class CacheData: gestion d'une donnée mise en cache
diff --git a/php/src/cache/CacheFile.php b/php/src/cache/CacheFile.php
index 1eab0a9..15821d5 100644
--- a/php/src/cache/CacheFile.php
+++ b/php/src/cache/CacheFile.php
@@ -4,14 +4,12 @@ namespace nulib\cache;
 use Exception;
 use nulib\cv;
 use nulib\ext\utils;
-use nulib\file;
 use nulib\file\SharedFile;
 use nulib\os\path;
 use nulib\php\func;
 use nulib\php\time\DateTime;
 use nulib\php\time\Delay;
 use nulib\str;
-use nulib\ValueException;
 
 class CacheFile extends SharedFile {
   /** @var string|int durée de vie par défaut des données mises en cache  */
diff --git a/php/src/cache/DataCacheData.php b/php/src/cache/DataCacheData.php
index f3b4e26..fa85ce6 100644
--- a/php/src/cache/DataCacheData.php
+++ b/php/src/cache/DataCacheData.php
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ namespace nulib\cache;
 use nulib\cl;
 use nulib\file;
 use nulib\os\path;
-use nulib\php\func;
 use Traversable;
 
 class DataCacheData extends CacheData {
diff --git a/php/src/file/SharedFile.php b/php/src/file/SharedFile.php
index 62fae81..70456e5 100644
--- a/php/src/file/SharedFile.php
+++ b/php/src/file/SharedFile.php
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 namespace nulib\file;
 
 use nulib\exceptions;
-use nulib\ValueException;
 
 class SharedFile extends FileWriter {
   const USE_LOCKING = true;
diff --git a/php/src/file/Stream.php b/php/src/file/Stream.php
index 0efea55..a104137 100644
--- a/php/src/file/Stream.php
+++ b/php/src/file/Stream.php
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ use nulib\os\IOException;
 use nulib\php\iter\AbstractIterator;
 use nulib\ref\ref_csv;
 use nulib\str;
-use nulib\ValueException;
 
 /**
  * Class Stream: lecture/écriture générique dans un flux
diff --git a/php/src/file/tab/TAbstractBuilder.php b/php/src/file/tab/TAbstractBuilder.php
index e4d50c3..f43e604 100644
--- a/php/src/file/tab/TAbstractBuilder.php
+++ b/php/src/file/tab/TAbstractBuilder.php
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ use nulib\exceptions;
 use nulib\file\csv\CsvBuilder;
 use nulib\file\web\Upload;
 use nulib\os\path;
-use nulib\ValueException;
 
 trait TAbstractBuilder {
   /** @param Upload|string|array $builder */
diff --git a/php/src/file/tab/TAbstractReader.php b/php/src/file/tab/TAbstractReader.php
index 2bdb538..23ab697 100644
--- a/php/src/file/tab/TAbstractReader.php
+++ b/php/src/file/tab/TAbstractReader.php
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ use nulib\exceptions;
 use nulib\file\csv\CsvReader;
 use nulib\file\web\Upload;
 use nulib\os\path;
-use nulib\ValueException;
 
 trait TAbstractReader {
   /** @param Upload|string|array $reader */
diff --git a/php/src/mail/MailTemplate.php b/php/src/mail/MailTemplate.php
index d007879..59e3bae 100644
--- a/php/src/mail/MailTemplate.php
+++ b/php/src/mail/MailTemplate.php
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ namespace nulib\mail;
 
 use nulib\cv;
 use nulib\str;
-use nulib\ValueException;
 use Symfony\Component\ExpressionLanguage\ExpressionLanguage;
 
 class MailTemplate {
diff --git a/php/src/mail/mailer.php b/php/src/mail/mailer.php
index 8f695d9..b19e2bc 100644
--- a/php/src/mail/mailer.php
+++ b/php/src/mail/mailer.php
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ use nulib\cv;
 use nulib\exceptions;
 use nulib\output\msg;
 use nulib\str;
-use nulib\ValueException;
 use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\PHPMailer;
 use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\SMTP;
 
diff --git a/php/src/output/_messenger.php b/php/src/output/_messenger.php
index 883b460..702c4b7 100644
--- a/php/src/output/_messenger.php
+++ b/php/src/output/_messenger.php
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ namespace nulib\output;
 use nulib\cl;
 use nulib\exceptions;
 use nulib\str;
-use nulib\ValueException;
 
 /**
  * Class _messenger: classe de base pour say, log et msg
diff --git a/php/src/output/console.php b/php/src/output/console.php
index 9eb6b52..205f105 100644
--- a/php/src/output/console.php
+++ b/php/src/output/console.php
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ namespace nulib\output;
 use nulib\app\app;
 use nulib\exceptions;
 use nulib\output\std\ProxyMessenger;
-use nulib\ValueException;
 
 /**
  * Class console: afficher un message sur la console
diff --git a/php/src/output/std/StdMessenger.php b/php/src/output/std/StdMessenger.php
index 4d80891..4ac8d83 100644
--- a/php/src/output/std/StdMessenger.php
+++ b/php/src/output/std/StdMessenger.php
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ use nulib\cl;
 use nulib\exceptions;
 use nulib\ExceptionShadow;
 use nulib\output\IMessenger;
-use nulib\UserException;
 use Throwable;
 
 class StdMessenger implements _IMessenger {