diff --git a/php/src/UserException.php b/php/src/UserException.php
index 7578093..e41dc2c 100644
--- a/php/src/UserException.php
+++ b/php/src/UserException.php
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class UserException extends RuntimeException {
   }
 
   function setTechMessage($techMessage): self {
-    $techMessage ??= c::resolve($techMessage);
+    if ($techMessage !== null) $techMessage = c::resolve($techMessage);
     $this->techMessage = $techMessage;
     return $this;
   }
diff --git a/php/src/app/app.php b/php/src/app/app.php
index dc01e45..c3fcdd4 100644
--- a/php/src/app/app.php
+++ b/php/src/app/app.php
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ class app {
   static function is_production_mode(): bool {
     return self::get()->isProductionMode();
   }
-  
+
   static function is_prod(): bool {
     return self::get_profile() === ref_profiles::PROD;
   }
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ class app {
   static final function set_fact(string $fact, $value=true): void {
     self::get()->setFact($fact, $value);
   }
-  
+
   static function is_debug(): bool {
     return self::get()->isDebug();
   }
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ class app {
   function fencedJoin(string $basedir, ?string ...$paths): string {
     $path = path::reljoin($basedir, ...$paths);
     if (!path::is_within($path, $basedir)) {
-      throw exceptions::invalid_type($path, $kind, "path");
+      throw exceptions::invalid_value($path, "path");
     }
     return $path;
   }
diff --git a/php/src/app/args/Aodef.php b/php/src/app/args/Aodef.php
index fd0c726..921a197 100644
--- a/php/src/app/args/Aodef.php
+++ b/php/src/app/args/Aodef.php
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ class Aodef {
         $haveNull = true;
         break;
       } else {
-        throw _exceptions::invalid_value("$desc: $arg", $kind, "ce n'est pas un argument valide");
+        throw _exceptions::invalid_value("$desc: $arg");
       }
     }
 
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ class Aodef {
           $haveNull = true;
           break;
         } else {
-          throw _exceptions::invalid_value("$desc: $arg", $kind, "ce n'est pas un argument valide");
+          throw _exceptions::invalid_value("$desc: $arg");
         }
       }
       if (!$haveOpt) $haveNull = true;
@@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ class Aodef {
     case "--set-args": $this->actionSetArgs($dest, $value); break;
     case "--set-command": $this->actionSetCommand($dest, $value); break;
     case "--show-help": $parser->actionPrintHelp($arg); break;
-    default: throw _exceptions::invalid_value($this->action, $kind, "action non supportée");
+    default: throw _exceptions::invalid_value($this->action, null, "action non supportée");
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/php/src/app/args/Aogroup.php b/php/src/app/args/Aogroup.php
index 06e2df2..d293a75 100644
--- a/php/src/app/args/Aogroup.php
+++ b/php/src/app/args/Aogroup.php
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ class Aogroup extends Aolist {
   function __construct(array $defs, bool $setup=false) {
     $marker = A::pop($defs, 0);
     if ($marker !== "group") {
-      throw _exceptions::missing_value(null, $kind, "ce n'est pas un groupe valide");
+      throw _exceptions::missing_value(null, null, "ce n'est pas un groupe valide");
     }
     # réordonner les clés numériques
     $defs = array_merge($defs);
diff --git a/php/src/app/cli/Application.php b/php/src/app/cli/Application.php
index 02f0901..85c8d13 100644
--- a/php/src/app/cli/Application.php
+++ b/php/src/app/cli/Application.php
@@ -10,10 +10,13 @@ use nulib\app\config;
 use nulib\app\RunFile;
 use nulib\ExitError;
 use nulib\ext\yaml;
-use nulib\output\console;
+use nulib\output\con;
 use nulib\output\log;
 use nulib\output\msg;
-use nulib\output\std\StdMessenger;
+use nulib\output\say;
+use nulib\output\std\ConsoleMessenger;
+use nulib\output\std\LogMessenger;
+use nulib\output\std\ProxyMessenger;
 use nulib\ref\ref_profiles;
 
 /**
@@ -192,7 +195,7 @@ EOT);
   protected static function _initialize_app(): void {
     app::init(static::class);
     app::set_fact(app::FACT_CLI_APP);
-    msg::set_messenger(new StdMessenger([
+    msg::set_messenger(new ConsoleMessenger([
       "min_level" => msg::DEBUG,
     ]));
   }
@@ -200,18 +203,20 @@ EOT);
   protected static function _configure_app(Application $app): void {
     config::configure(config::CONFIGURE_INITIAL_ONLY);
 
-    $msgs = null;
-    $msgs["console"] = new StdMessenger([
+    $con = con::set_messenger(new ConsoleMessenger([
       "min_level" => msg::NORMAL,
-    ]);
+    ]));
+    say::set_messenger($con);
+    msg::set_messenger($con);
     if (static::USE_LOGFILE) {
-      $msgs["log"] = new StdMessenger([
+      $log = log::set_messenger(new LogMessenger([
         "output" => app::get()->getLogfile(),
         "min_level" => msg::MINOR,
-        "add_date" => true,
-      ]);
+      ]));
+    } else {
+      $log = log::set_messenger(new ProxyMessenger());
     }
-    msg::init($msgs);
+    msg::set_messenger($log);
 
     $app->parseArgs();
     config::configure();
@@ -268,26 +273,36 @@ EOT);
     "title" => "NIVEAU D'INFORMATION",
     "show" => false,
     ["group",
-      ["--verbosity",
+      ["-V", "--verbosity",
         "args" => "verbosity", "argsdesc" => "silent|quiet|verbose|debug",
-        "action" => [console::class, "set_verbosity"],
-        "help" => "spécifier le niveau d'informations affiché",
+        "action" => [con::class, "set_verbosity"],
+        "help" => "Spécifier le niveau d'informations affiché sur la console",
       ],
-      ["-q", "--quiet", "action" => [console::class, "set_verbosity", "quiet"]],
-      ["-v", "--verbose", "action" => [console::class, "set_verbosity", "verbose"]],
-      ["-D", "--debug", "action" => [console::class, "set_verbosity", "debug"]],
-    ],
-    ["-L", "--logfile",
-      "args" => "output",
-      "action" => [log::class, "set_output"],
-      "help" => "Logger les messages de l'application dans le fichier spécifié",
+      ["-q", "--quiet", "action" => [con::class, "set_verbosity", "quiet"]],
+      ["-v", "--verbose", "action" => [con::class, "set_verbosity", "verbose"]],
+      ["-D", "--debug", "action" => [con::class, "set_verbosity", "debug"]],
     ],
     ["group",
       ["--color",
-        "action" => [console::class, "set_color", true],
+        "action" => [con::class, "set_color", true],
         "help" => "Afficher (resp. ne pas afficher) la sortie en couleur par défaut",
       ],
-      ["--no-color", "action" => [console::class, "set_color", false]],
+      ["--no-color", "action" => [con::class, "set_color", false]],
+    ],
+    ["group",
+      ["-L", "--logfile",
+        "args" => "output",
+        "action" => [log::class, "set_output"],
+        "help" => "Logger les messages de l'application dans le fichier spécifié",
+      ],
+      ["--lV", "--lverbosity",
+        "args" => "verbosity", "argsdesc" => "silent|quiet|verbose|debug",
+        "action" => [log::class, "set_verbosity"],
+        "help" => "Spécifier le niveau des informations ajoutées dans les logs",
+      ],
+      ["--lq", "--lquiet", "action" => [log::class, "set_verbosity", "quiet"]],
+      ["--lv", "--lverbose", "action" => [log::class, "set_verbosity", "verbose"]],
+      ["--lD", "--ldebug", "action" => [log::class, "set_verbosity", "debug"]],
     ],
   ];
 
diff --git a/php/src/app/config.php b/php/src/app/config.php
index 8c1581b..6fd270a 100644
--- a/php/src/app/config.php
+++ b/php/src/app/config.php
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class config {
   static function configure(?array $params=null): void {
     self::$config->configure($params);
   }
-  
+
   static final function add($config, string ...$profiles): void { self::$config->addConfig($config, $profiles); }
   static final function load_config($file): void {
     $ext = path::ext($file);
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class config {
     } elseif ($ext === ".json") {
       $config = new JsonConfig($file);
     } else {
-      throw exceptions::invalid_type($file, $kind, "config file");
+      throw exceptions::invalid_value($file, "config file");
     }
     self::add($config);
   }
diff --git a/php/src/app/config/ConfigManager.php b/php/src/app/config/ConfigManager.php
index ee3f63a..abcef01 100644
--- a/php/src/app/config/ConfigManager.php
+++ b/php/src/app/config/ConfigManager.php
@@ -59,11 +59,11 @@ class ConfigManager {
   protected function cacheHas(string $pkey, string $profile) {
     return array_key_exists("$profile.$pkey", $this->cache);
   }
-  
+
   protected function cacheGet(string $pkey, string $profile) {
     return cl::get($this->cache, "$profile.$pkey");
   }
-  
+
   protected function cacheSet(string $pkey, $value, string $profile): void {
     $this->cache["$profile.$pkey"] = $value;
   }
diff --git a/php/src/cl.php b/php/src/cl.php
index b15ed55..2e57a87 100644
--- a/php/src/cl.php
+++ b/php/src/cl.php
@@ -848,7 +848,7 @@ class cl {
   static final function any_not_same(?array $array, $value): bool { return self::any_if($array, cv::Fnot_same($value)); }
 
   #~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-  
+
   static final function filter_if(?array $array, callable $cond): ?array {
     if ($array === null) return null;
     $filtered = [];
diff --git a/php/src/cv.php b/php/src/cv.php
index f1ffc85..89b81ac 100644
--- a/php/src/cv.php
+++ b/php/src/cv.php
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class cv {
   static final function t($value): bool {
     return $value || $value === "0";
   }
-  
+
   /** tester si $value est fausse (cela n'inclue pas la chaine "0") */
   static final function f($value): bool {
     return !$value && $value !== "0";
@@ -198,11 +198,11 @@ class cv {
    *
    * lever une exception si $value n'est d'aucun de ces types
    */
-  static final function check_key($value, ?string $prefix=null, bool $throw_exception=true): array {
+  static final function check_key($value, ?string $kind=null, bool $throwException=true): array {
     $index = is_int($value)? $value : null;
     $key = is_string($value)? $value : null;
-    if ($index === null && $key === null && $throw_exception) {
-      throw exceptions::invalid_type($value, $kind, "key", $prefix);
+    if ($index === null && $key === null && $throwException) {
+      throw exceptions::invalid_type($value, $kind, "key");
     } else {
       return [$index, $key];
     }
@@ -214,12 +214,12 @@ class cv {
    *
    * @throws ValueException si $value n'est d'aucun de ces types
    */
-  static final function check_bsa($value, ?string $prefix=null, bool $throw_exception=true): array {
+  static final function check_bsa($value, ?string $kind=null, bool $throwException=true): array {
     $bool = is_bool($value)? $value : null;
     $scalar = !is_bool($value) && is_scalar($value)? $value : null;
     $array = is_array($value)? $value : null;
-    if ($bool === null && $scalar === null && $array === null && $throw_exception) {
-      throw exceptions::invalid_type($value, $kind, ["bool", "scalar", "array"], $prefix);
+    if ($bool === null && $scalar === null && $array === null && $throwException) {
+      throw exceptions::invalid_type($value, $kind, ["bool", "scalar", "array"]);
     } else {
       return [$bool, $scalar, $array];
     }
diff --git a/php/src/db/_private/_base.php b/php/src/db/_private/_base.php
index c554174..8325bae 100644
--- a/php/src/db/_private/_base.php
+++ b/php/src/db/_private/_base.php
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ abstract class _base extends _common {
     if (is_array($sql)) {
       $prefix = $sql[0] ?? null;
       if ($prefix === null) {
-        throw exceptions::invalid_type($sql, "cette requête sql");
+        throw exceptions::invalid_value($sql, "cette requête sql");
       } elseif (_create::isa($prefix)) {
         $sql = _create::parse($sql, $bindings);
         $meta = ["isa" => "create", "type" => "ddl"];
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ abstract class _base extends _common {
         $sql = _generic::parse($sql, $bindings);
         $meta = ["isa" => "generic", "type" => null];
       } else {
-        throw exceptions::invalid_type($sql, "cette requête sql");
+        throw exceptions::invalid_value($sql, "cette requête sql");
       }
     } else {
       if (!is_string($sql)) $sql = strval($sql);
diff --git a/php/src/file.php b/php/src/file.php
index a8175d4..4c84f58 100644
--- a/php/src/file.php
+++ b/php/src/file.php
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ class file {
     }
     return $file;
   }
-  
+
   static function writer($output, ?string $mode="w+b", ?callable $func=null): FileWriter {
     $file = new FileWriter(self::fix_dash($output), $mode);
     if ($func !== null) {
diff --git a/php/src/file/csv/csv_flavours.php b/php/src/file/csv/csv_flavours.php
index 2a782e6..bb00150 100644
--- a/php/src/file/csv/csv_flavours.php
+++ b/php/src/file/csv/csv_flavours.php
@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@ class csv_flavours {
     "dumb," => ref_csv::DUMB_OO_FLAVOUR,
     "dumb" => ref_csv::DUMB_FLAVOUR,
   ];
-  
+
   const ENCODINGS = [
     ref_csv::OO_FLAVOUR => ref_csv::OO_ENCODING,
     ref_csv::XL_FLAVOUR => ref_csv::XL_ENCODING,
     ref_csv::DUMB_FLAVOUR => ref_csv::DUMB_ENCODING,
   ];
-  
+
   static final function verifix(?string $flavour): ?string {
     if ($flavour === null) return null;
     $lflavour = strtolower($flavour);
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class csv_flavours {
     elseif ($flavour == ref_csv::XL_FLAVOUR) return ref_csv::MSEXCEL;
     else return $flavour;
   }
-  
+
   static final function get_params(string $flavour): array {
     return [$flavour[0], $flavour[1], $flavour[2]];
   }
diff --git a/php/src/output/TODO.md b/php/src/output/TODO.md
index 28ae6ac..0164f84 100644
--- a/php/src/output/TODO.md
+++ b/php/src/output/TODO.md
@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
 # nulib\output
 
-* dans msg::action($m, function() {}), *bloquer* la marque pour empêcher d'aller
-  plus bas que prévu. comme ça s'il y a plusieurs success ou failure dans la
-  fonction, c'est affiché correctement.
+* log:: permet d'ajouter autant d'instance de LogMessenger que nécessaire
+  * on pourrait qualifier un logger avec par exemple la classe qui l'appelle
+    ou le nom d'un sous-système.
+    * pour un log structuré, un attribut donnerai le qualificatif, ce qui ne
+      serait pris en compte que par le logger approprié (e.g un logger qui est
+      responsable de nulib/io logguera les message de nulib/io/ClassA mais pas
+      les messages de nulib/args/ClassB
+  * un trait permet d'ajouter un logger à une classe
 
 * [ ] possibilité de paramétrer le nom du fichier destination pour faire une
   rotation des logs
@@ -13,11 +18,6 @@
 * [ ] dans `StdMessenger::resetParams()`, `[output]` peut être une instance de
   StdOutput pour mettre à jour $out ET $err, ou un tableau de deux éléments pour
   mettre à jour séparément $out et $err
-* [ ] vérifier que la date affichée pour un TITLE est celle à laquelle l'appel
-  a été fait, même si le premier événement en dessous arrive bien plus tard
-* [ ] pareil pour action: sauf si c'est une seule ligne, la date de action est
-  la date du premier appel, alors que la date de $result est celui du result si
-  c'est affiché sur une autre ligne
 * réorganiser pour que msg:: attaque un proxy dans lequel est configuré un
   ensemble standard de sorties: say, log, debuglog
   * `--aD, --av, --aq, --asilent` pour les valeurs d'ajustement qui sont un
diff --git a/php/src/output/_TMessenger.php b/php/src/output/_TMessenger.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26de8a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/php/src/output/_TMessenger.php
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+<?php
+namespace nulib\output;
+
+use nulib\app\app;
+use nulib\exceptions;
+use nulib\output\std\NullMessenger;
+use nulib\output\std\ProxyMessenger;
+
+trait _TMessenger {
+  protected static ?IMessenger $msg = null;
+
+  static function set_messenger(IMessenger $msg, bool $replace=false): IMessenger {
+    if (self::$msg instanceof NullMessenger) self::$msg = null;
+    if ($replace || self::$msg === null) return self::$msg = $msg;
+    elseif (self::$msg instanceof ProxyMessenger) self::$msg->addMessenger($msg);
+    else self::$msg = new ProxyMessenger(self::$msg);
+    return $msg;
+  }
+
+  static function get(): IMessenger {
+    return self::$msg ??= new NullMessenger();
+  }
+
+  static function set_verbosity(string $verbosity): void {
+    $msg = self::get();
+    switch ($verbosity) {
+    case "Q":
+    case "silent":
+      $msg->resetParams([
+        "min_level" => self::NONE,
+      ]);
+      break;
+    case "q":
+    case "quiet":
+      $msg->resetParams([
+        "min_level" => self::MAJOR,
+      ]);
+      break;
+    case "n":
+    case "normal":
+      $msg->resetParams([
+        "min_level" => self::NORMAL,
+      ]);
+      break;
+    case "v":
+    case "verbose":
+      $msg->resetParams([
+        "min_level" => self::MINOR,
+      ]);
+      break;
+    case "D":
+    case "debug":
+      app::set_debug();
+      $msg->resetParams([
+        "min_level" => self::DEBUG,
+      ]);
+      break;
+    default:
+      throw exceptions::forbidden_value($verbosity, "verbosity", ["silent", "quiet", "normal", "verbose", "debug"]);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/php/src/output/_messenger.php b/php/src/output/_messenger.php
index 702c4b7..bf5d4ca 100644
--- a/php/src/output/_messenger.php
+++ b/php/src/output/_messenger.php
@@ -1,44 +1,16 @@
 <?php
 namespace nulib\output;
 
-use nulib\cl;
-use nulib\exceptions;
-use nulib\str;
-
-/**
- * Class _messenger: classe de base pour say, log et msg
- */
 abstract class _messenger {
-  abstract static function is_setup(): bool;
-  abstract static function set_messenger(IMessenger $msg);
+  abstract static function set_messenger(IMessenger $msg, bool $replace=false): IMessenger;
+
   abstract static function get(): IMessenger;
 
-  static function set_messenger_class(string $msg_class, ?array $params=null) {
-    if (!is_subclass_of($msg_class, IMessenger::class)) {
-      throw exceptions::invalid_type($msg_class, $kind, IMessenger::class);
-    }
-    static::set_messenger(new $msg_class($params));
-  }
-
-  static function create_or_reset_params(?array $params=null, string $log_class=null, ?array $create_params=null) {
-    if (static::is_setup()) {
-      self::reset_params($params);
-    } else {
-      $params = cl::merge($params, $create_params);
-      self::set_messenger_class($log_class, $params);
-    }
-  }
-
   /** obtenir une nouvelle instance, avec un nouveau paramétrage */
   static function new(?array $params=null): IMessenger {
     return static::get()->clone($params);
   }
 
-  static final function __callStatic($name, $args) {
-    $name = str::us2camel($name);
-    call_user_func_array([static::get(), $name], $args);
-  }
-
   #############################################################################
 
   const DEBUG = IMessenger::DEBUG;
diff --git a/php/src/output/con.php b/php/src/output/con.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9127ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/php/src/output/con.php
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+<?php
+namespace nulib\output;
+
+use nulib\app\app;
+use nulib\exceptions;
+use nulib\output\std\ConsoleMessenger;
+
+/**
+ * Class con: afficher un message à l'utilisateur sur la console (c'est à dire
+ * la sortie standard pour {@link con::print()}, et la sortie d'erreur pour
+ * toutes les autres méthodes)
+ *
+ * Cette classe est utilisable sans initialisation préalable
+ */
+class con extends _messenger {
+  use _TMessenger;
+
+  static function get(): IMessenger {
+    return static::$msg ??= new ConsoleMessenger();
+  }
+
+  static function set_color(bool $color=true): void {
+    self::get()->resetParams([
+      "color" => $color,
+    ]);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/php/src/output/console.php b/php/src/output/console.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 205f105..0000000
--- a/php/src/output/console.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-namespace nulib\output;
-
-use nulib\app\app;
-use nulib\exceptions;
-use nulib\output\std\ProxyMessenger;
-
-/**
- * Class console: afficher un message sur la console
- *
- * Cette classe DOIT être initialisée avant d'être utilisée
- */
-class console extends _messenger {
-  private static ?IMessenger $msg = null;
-
-  private static bool $setup = false;
-
-  static function is_setup(): bool {
-    return self::$setup;
-  }
-
-  static function set_messenger(IMessenger $msg) {
-    self::$msg = $msg;
-    self::$setup = true;
-  }
-
-  static function get(): IMessenger {
-    return self::$msg ??= new ProxyMessenger();
-  }
-
-  static function set_verbosity(string $verbosity): void {
-    $console = self::get();
-    switch ($verbosity) {
-    case "Q":
-    case "silent":
-      $console->resetParams([
-        "min_level" => msg::NONE,
-      ]);
-      break;
-    case "q":
-    case "quiet":
-      $console->resetParams([
-        "min_level" => msg::MAJOR,
-      ]);
-      break;
-    case "n":
-    case "normal":
-      $console->resetParams([
-        "min_level" => msg::NORMAL,
-      ]);
-      break;
-    case "v":
-    case "verbose":
-      $console->resetParams([
-        "min_level" => msg::MINOR,
-      ]);
-      break;
-    case "D":
-    case "debug":
-      app::set_debug();
-      $console->resetParams([
-        "min_level" => msg::DEBUG,
-      ]);
-      break;
-    default:
-      throw exceptions::forbidden_value($verbosity, $kind, ["silent", "quiet", "normal", "verbose", "debug"]);
-    }
-  }
-
-  static function set_color(bool $color=true): void {
-    console::reset_params([
-      "color" => $color,
-    ]);
-  }
-}
diff --git a/php/src/output/log.php b/php/src/output/log.php
index 2e1d3ec..967de5c 100644
--- a/php/src/output/log.php
+++ b/php/src/output/log.php
@@ -1,38 +1,41 @@
 <?php
 namespace nulib\output;
 
+use nulib\output\std\LogMessenger;
+use nulib\output\std\NullMessenger;
 use nulib\output\std\ProxyMessenger;
-use nulib\output\std\StdMessenger;
 
 /**
- * Class log: inscrire un message dans les logs uniquement
+ * Class log: ajouter un message dans les logs
  *
- * Cette classe DOIT être initialisée avant d'être utilisée
+ * Cette classe DEVRAIT être initialisée avant utilisation. Sinon, elle envoie
+ * ses messages vers /dev/null
+ *
+ *  mode | con | web | log
+ * ------|-----|-----|-----
+ *  cli  |     |     |  x
+ *  web  |     |     |  x
  */
 class log extends _messenger {
-  private static ?IMessenger $msg = null;
-
-  private static bool $setup = false;
-
-  static function is_setup(): bool {
-    return self::$setup;
-  }
-
-  static function set_messenger(IMessenger $msg) {
-    self::$msg = $msg;
-    self::$setup = true;
-  }
+  use _TMessenger;
 
   static function get(): IMessenger {
-    return self::$msg ??= new ProxyMessenger();
+    return self::$msg ??= static::$msg = new ProxyMessenger();
+  }
+
+  protected static function ensure_log(): IMessenger {
+    $msg = self::$msg;
+    if ($msg instanceof ProxyMessenger && $msg->isEmpty()) {
+      $msg->addMessenger(new LogMessenger([
+        "min_level" => msg::MINOR,
+      ]));
+    }
+    return $msg;
   }
 
   static function set_output(string $logfile): void {
-    self::create_or_reset_params([
+    self::ensure_log()->resetParams([
       "output" => $logfile,
-    ], StdMessenger::class, [
-      "add_date" => true,
-      "min_level" => self::MINOR,
     ]);
   }
 }
diff --git a/php/src/output/msg.php b/php/src/output/msg.php
index d180d18..9bd4eee 100644
--- a/php/src/output/msg.php
+++ b/php/src/output/msg.php
@@ -1,67 +1,18 @@
 <?php
 namespace nulib\output;
 
-use nulib\output\std\ProxyMessenger;
-use nulib\php\func;
-
 /**
- * Class msg: inscrire un message dans les logs ET l'afficher à l'utilisateur
+ * Class msg: afficher un message à l'utilisateur et l'ajouter aussi dans les
+ * logs
  *
- * Cette classe DOIT être initialisée avec {@link set_messenger()} ou
- * {@link set_messenger_class()} avant d'être utilisée.
+ * Cette classe DEVRAIT être initialisée avant utilisation. Sinon, elle envoie
+ * ses messages vers /dev/null
+ *
+ *  mode | con | web | log
+ * ------|-----|-----|-----
+ *  cli  |  x  |     |  x
+ *  web  |     |  x  |  x
  */
 class msg extends _messenger {
-  private static ?IMessenger $msg = null;
-
-  private static bool $setup = false;
-
-  static function is_setup(): bool {
-    return self::$setup;
-  }
-
-  static function set_messenger(IMessenger $msg) {
-    self::$msg = $msg;
-    self::$setup = true;
-  }
-
-  static function get(): IMessenger {
-    return self::$msg ??= new ProxyMessenger();
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * initialiser les instances say, console, log. 
-   */
-  static function init(array $msgs) {
-    $say = $msgs["say"] ?? null;
-    $console = $msgs["console"] ?? null;
-    $log = $msgs["log"] ?? null;
-    $msgs = [];
-    if ($log !== null && $log !== false) {
-      if ($log instanceof IMessenger) log::set_messenger($log);
-      elseif (is_string($log)) log::set_messenger_class($log);
-      else $log = func::call($log);
-      log::set_messenger($log);
-      $msgs[] = $log;
-    }
-    if ($console !== null && $console !== false) {
-      if ($console instanceof IMessenger) console::set_messenger($console);
-      elseif (is_string($console)) console::set_messenger_class($console);
-      else $console = func::call($console);
-      console::set_messenger($console);
-      $msgs[] = $console;
-    }
-    if ($say !== null && $say !== false) {
-      if ($say instanceof IMessenger) say::set_messenger($say);
-      elseif (is_string($say)) say::set_messenger_class($say);
-      else $say = func::call($say);
-      say::set_messenger($say);
-      $msgs[] = $say;
-    }
-    if ($say === null && $console !== null) {
-      say::set_messenger($console);
-    } elseif ($console === null && $say !== null) {
-      console::set_messenger($say);
-    }
-    self::set_messenger(new ProxyMessenger(...$msgs));
-  }
+  use _TMessenger;
 }
diff --git a/php/src/output/out.php b/php/src/output/out.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 4966bb6..0000000
--- a/php/src/output/out.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-namespace nulib\output;
-
-use nulib\output\std\StdOutput;
-
-/**
- * Class out: affichage sur la sortie standard
- */
-class out {
-  /** @var StdOutput */
-  private static $out;
-
-  static function get(): StdOutput {
-    return self::$out;
-  }
-  protected static function set(StdOutput $out): StdOutput {
-    return self::$out = $out;
-  }
-
-  /** reparamétrer l'instance */
-  static function reset($output=null, ?array $params=null): StdOutput {
-    if (self::$out === null) return self::set(new StdOutput($output, $params));
-    if ($output !== null) $params["output"] = $output;
-    self::$out->resetParams($params);
-    return self::$out;
-  }
-
-  static function write(...$values): void { self::$out->write(...$values); }
-  static function print(...$values): void { self::$out->print(...$values); }
-
-  static function iwrite(int $indentLevel, ...$values): void { self::$out->iwrite($indentLevel, ...$values); }
-  static function iprint(int $indentLevel, ...$values): void { self::$out->iprint($indentLevel, ...$values); }
-}
-out::reset();
diff --git a/php/src/output/say.php b/php/src/output/say.php
index 9d8b6d0..f5d5583 100644
--- a/php/src/output/say.php
+++ b/php/src/output/say.php
@@ -1,28 +1,17 @@
 <?php
 namespace nulib\output;
 
-use nulib\output\std\ProxyMessenger;
-
 /**
- * Class say: afficher un message pour l'utilisateur
+ * Class say: afficher un message à l'utilisateur
  *
- * Cette classe DOIT être initialisée avant d'être utilisée
+ * Cette classe DEVRAIT être initialisée avant utilisation. Sinon, elle envoie
+ * ses messages vers /dev/null
+ *
+ *  mode | con | web | log
+ * ------|-----|-----|-----
+ *  cli  |  x  |     |
+ *  web  |     |  x  |
  */
 class say extends _messenger {
-  private static ?IMessenger $msg = null;
-
-  private static bool $setup = false;
-
-  static function is_setup(): bool {
-    return self::$setup;
-  }
-
-  static function set_messenger(IMessenger $msg) {
-    self::$msg = $msg;
-    self::$setup = true;
-  }
-
-  static function get(): IMessenger {
-    return self::$msg ??= new ProxyMessenger();
-  }
+  use _TMessenger;
 }
diff --git a/php/src/output/std/AbstractMessenger.php b/php/src/output/std/AbstractMessenger.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69da625
--- /dev/null
+++ b/php/src/output/std/AbstractMessenger.php
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+<?php
+namespace nulib\output\std;
+
+use Exception;
+use nulib\A;
+use nulib\cl;
+use nulib\exceptions;
+use nulib\ExceptionShadow;
+use Throwable;
+
+abstract class AbstractMessenger implements _IMessenger {
+  const ADD_DATE = false;
+
+  const SHOW_IDS = false;
+
+  protected static function verifix_level($level, int $max_level=self::MAX_LEVEL): int {
+    if (!in_array($level, self::VALID_LEVELS, true)) {
+      $level = cl::get(self::LEVEL_MAP, $level, $level);
+    }
+    if (!in_array($level, self::VALID_LEVELS, true)) {
+      throw new Exception("$level: invalid level");
+    }
+    if ($level > $max_level) {
+      throw new Exception("$level: level not allowed here");
+    }
+    return $level;
+  }
+
+  /** @var StdOutput la sortie standard */
+  protected StdOutput $out;
+
+  /** @var int level par défaut dans lequel les messages sont affichés */
+  protected int $defaultLevel;
+
+  /** @var int level minimum que doivent avoir les messages pour être affichés */
+  protected int $minLevel;
+
+  /** @var bool faut-il ajouter la date à chaque ligne? */
+  protected bool $addDate;
+
+  /** @var string format de la date */
+  protected string $dateFormat;
+
+  /** @var bool faut-il afficher les ids (p=id t=id a=id) */
+  protected bool $showIds;
+
+  /** @var ?string identifiant de ce messenger, à ajouter à chaque ligne */
+  protected ?string $id;
+
+  protected int $lastTitleId = 1;
+
+  protected int $lastActionId = 1;
+
+  protected function getLinePrefix(): ?string {
+    $linePrefix = null;
+    if ($this->addDate) {
+      $date = date_create()->format($this->dateFormat);
+      $linePrefix .= "$date ";
+    }
+    if ($this->showIds) {
+      if ($this->id !== null) $linePrefix .= "p=$this->id ";
+      $titleId = $this->_getTitleId();
+      if ($titleId !== null) $linePrefix .= "t=$titleId ";
+      $actionId = $this->_getActionId();
+      if ($actionId !== null) $linePrefix .= "a=$actionId ";
+    }
+    return $linePrefix;
+  }
+
+  protected function decrLevel(int $level, int $amount=-1): int {
+    $level += $amount;
+    if ($level < self::MIN_LEVEL) $level = self::MIN_LEVEL;
+    return $level;
+  }
+
+  protected function checkLevel(?int &$level): bool {
+    if ($level === null) $level = $this->defaultLevel;
+    elseif ($level < 0) $level = $this->decrLevel($this->defaultLevel, $level);
+    return $level >= $this->minLevel;
+  }
+
+  protected function _printTitle(
+    ?string $linePrefix, int $level,
+    string $type, $content,
+    int $indentLevel, StdOutput $out
+  ): void {
+    $prefixes = self::GENERIC_PREFIXES[$level][$type];
+    if ($prefixes[0]) $out->print();
+    $content = cl::with($content);
+    if ($out->isColor()) {
+      $before = $prefixes[2];
+      $prefix = $prefixes[3];
+      $prefix2 = $prefix !== null? "$prefix ": null;
+      $suffix = $prefixes[4];
+      $suffix2 = $suffix !== null? " $suffix": null;
+      $after = $prefixes[5];
+
+      $lines = $out->getLines(false, ...$content);
+      $maxlen = 0;
+      foreach ($lines as &$content) {
+        $line = $out->filterColors($content);
+        $len = mb_strlen($line);
+        if ($len > $maxlen) $maxlen = $len;
+        $content = [$content, $len];
+      }; unset($content);
+      if ($before !== null) {
+        if ($linePrefix !== null) $out->write($linePrefix);
+        $out->iprint($indentLevel, $prefix, substr($before, 1), str_repeat($before[0], $maxlen), $suffix);
+      }
+      foreach ($lines as [$content, $len]) {
+        if ($linePrefix !== null) $out->write($linePrefix);
+        $padding = $len < $maxlen? str_repeat(" ", $maxlen - $len): null;
+        $out->iprint($indentLevel, $prefix2, $content, $padding, $suffix2);
+      }
+      if ($after !== null) {
+        if ($linePrefix !== null) $out->write($linePrefix);
+        $out->iprint($indentLevel, $prefix, substr($after, 1), str_repeat($after[0], $maxlen), $suffix);
+      }
+    } else {
+      $prefix = $prefixes[1];
+      if ($prefix !== null) $prefix .= " ";
+      $prefix2 = str_repeat(" ", mb_strlen($prefix));
+      $lines = $out->getLines(false, ...$content);
+      foreach ($lines as $content) {
+        if ($linePrefix !== null) $out->write($linePrefix);
+        $out->iprint($indentLevel, $prefix, $content);
+        $prefix = $prefix2;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected abstract function flushActions(bool $endAction=false, ?int $overrideLevel=null): void;
+
+  protected function _printAction(
+    ?string $linePrefix, int $level,
+    bool $printContent, $content,
+    bool $printResult, ?bool $rsuccess, $rcontent,
+    int $indentLevel, StdOutput $out
+  ): void {
+    $color = $out->isColor();
+    if ($rsuccess === true) $type = "success";
+    elseif ($rsuccess === false) $type = "failure";
+    else $type = "done";
+    $rprefixes = self::RESULT_PREFIXES[$type];
+    if ($color) {
+      $rprefix = $rprefixes[1];
+      $rprefix2 = null;
+      if ($rprefix !== null) {
+        $rprefix .= " ";
+        $rprefix2 = $out->filterColors($out->filterContent($rprefix));
+        $rprefix2 = str_repeat(" ", mb_strlen($rprefix2));
+      }
+    } else {
+      $rprefix = $rprefixes[0];
+      if ($rprefix !== null) $rprefix .= " ";
+      $rprefix2 = str_repeat(" ", mb_strlen($rprefix));
+    }
+    if ($printContent && $printResult) {
+      A::ensure_array($content);
+      if ($rcontent) {
+        $content[] = ": ";
+        $content[] = $rcontent;
+      }
+      $lines = $out->getLines(false, ...$content);
+      foreach ($lines as $content) {
+        if ($linePrefix !== null) $out->write($linePrefix);
+        $out->iprint($indentLevel, $rprefix, $content);
+        $rprefix = $rprefix2;
+      }
+    } elseif ($printContent) {
+      $prefixes = self::GENERIC_PREFIXES[$level]["step"];
+      if ($color) {
+        $prefix = $prefixes[1];
+        if ($prefix !== null) $prefix .= " ";
+        $prefix2 = $out->filterColors($out->filterContent($prefix));
+        $prefix2 = str_repeat(" ", mb_strlen($prefix2));
+        $suffix = $prefixes[2];
+      } else {
+        $prefix = $prefixes[0];
+        if ($prefix !== null) $prefix .= " ";
+        $prefix2 = str_repeat(" ", mb_strlen($prefix));
+        $suffix = null;
+      }
+      A::ensure_array($content);
+      $content[] = ":";
+      $lines = $out->getLines(false, ...$content);
+      foreach ($lines as $content) {
+        if ($linePrefix !== null) $out->write($linePrefix);
+        $out->iprint($indentLevel, $prefix, $content, $suffix);
+        $prefix = $prefix2;
+      }
+    } elseif ($printResult) {
+      if (!$rcontent) {
+        if ($type === "success") $rcontent = $color? "succès": "";
+        elseif ($type === "failure") $rcontent = $color? "échec": "";
+        elseif ($type === "done") $rcontent = "fait";
+      }
+      $rprefix = " $rprefix";
+      $rprefix2 = " $rprefix2";
+      $lines = $out->getLines(false, $rcontent);
+      foreach ($lines as $rcontent) {
+        if ($linePrefix !== null) $out->write($linePrefix);
+        $out->iprint($indentLevel, $rprefix, $rcontent);
+        $rprefix = $rprefix2;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected function _printGeneric(
+    ?string $linePrefix, int $level,
+    string $type, $content,
+    int $indentLevel, StdOutput $out
+  ): void {
+    $prefixes = self::GENERIC_PREFIXES[$level][$type];
+    $content = cl::with($content);
+    if ($out->isColor()) {
+      $prefix = $prefixes[1];
+      $prefix2 = null;
+      if ($prefix !== null) {
+        $prefix .= " ";
+        $prefix2 = $out->filterColors($out->filterContent($prefix));
+        $prefix2 = str_repeat(" ", mb_strlen($prefix2));
+      }
+      $suffix = $prefixes[2];
+      $lines = $out->getLines(false, ...$content);
+      foreach ($lines as $content) {
+        if ($linePrefix !== null) $out->write($linePrefix);
+        $out->iprint($indentLevel, $prefix, $content, $suffix);
+        $prefix = $prefix2;
+      }
+    } else {
+      $prefix = $prefixes[0];
+      if ($prefix !== null) $prefix .= " ";
+      $prefix2 = str_repeat(" ", mb_strlen($prefix));
+      $lines = $out->getLines(false, ...$content);
+      foreach ($lines as $content) {
+        if ($linePrefix !== null) $out->write($linePrefix);
+        $out->iprint($indentLevel, $prefix, $content);
+        $prefix = $prefix2;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected function _printGenericOrException(
+    ?int $level,
+    string $type, $content,
+    int $indentLevel, StdOutput $out
+  ): void {
+    $linePrefix = $this->getLinePrefix();
+    # si $content contient des exceptions, les afficher avec un level moindre
+    $exceptions = null;
+    if (is_array($content)) {
+      $valueContent = null;
+      foreach ($content as $value) {
+        if ($value instanceof Throwable || $value instanceof ExceptionShadow) {
+          $exceptions[] = $value;
+        } else {
+          $valueContent[] = $value;
+        }
+      }
+      if ($valueContent === null) $content = null;
+      elseif (count($valueContent) == 1) $content = $valueContent[0];
+      else $content = $valueContent;
+    } elseif ($content instanceof Throwable || $content instanceof ExceptionShadow) {
+      $exceptions[] = $content;
+      $content = null;
+    }
+
+    $flushActions = true;
+    $showContent = $this->checkLevel($level);
+    if ($content !== null && $showContent) {
+      $this->flushActions(); $flushActions = false;
+      $this->_printGeneric($linePrefix, $level, $type, $content, $indentLevel, $out);
+    }
+    if ($exceptions !== null) {
+      $level1 = $this->decrLevel($level);
+      $showTraceback = $this->checkLevel($level1);
+      foreach ($exceptions as $exception) {
+        # tout d'abord message
+        $message = exceptions::get_message($exception);
+        if ($showContent) {
+          if ($flushActions) { $this->flushActions(); $flushActions = false; }
+          $this->_printGeneric($linePrefix, $level, $type, $message, $indentLevel, $out);
+        }
+        # puis summary et traceback
+        if ($showTraceback) {
+          if ($flushActions) { $this->flushActions(); $flushActions = false; }
+          $summary = exceptions::get_summary($exception, false);
+          $this->_printGeneric($linePrefix, $level1, $type, $summary, $indentLevel, $out);
+          $traceback = exceptions::get_traceback($exception);
+          $this->_printGeneric($linePrefix, $level1, $type, $traceback, $indentLevel, $out);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/php/src/output/std/ConsoleMessenger.php b/php/src/output/std/ConsoleMessenger.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd3d716
--- /dev/null
+++ b/php/src/output/std/ConsoleMessenger.php
@@ -0,0 +1,432 @@
+<?php
+namespace nulib\output\std;
+
+use Exception;
+use nulib\A;
+use nulib\cl;
+use nulib\output\IMessenger;
+
+class ConsoleMessenger extends AbstractMessenger {
+  function __construct(?array $params=null) {
+    $output = $params["output"] ?? null;
+    $color = $params["color"] ?? null;
+    $indent = $params["indent"] ?? static::INDENT;
+
+    $defaultLevel = $params["default_level"] ?? null;
+    $defaultLevel = self::verifix_level($defaultLevel ?? self::NORMAL);
+
+    $debug = boolval($params["debug"] ?? null);
+    $minLevel = $params["min_level"] ?? null;
+    if ($debug) $minLevel ??= self::DEBUG;
+    $minLevel ??= $params["verbosity"] ?? null; # alias
+    $minLevel = self::verifix_level($minLevel ?? self::NORMAL, self::NONE);
+
+    $addDate = boolval($params["add_date"] ?? static::ADD_DATE);
+    $dateFormat = cl::get($params, "date_format", static::DATE_FORMAT);
+    $id = $params["id"] ?? null;
+    $showIds = $params["show_ids"] ?? static::SHOW_IDS;
+
+    $params = [
+      "color" => $color,
+      "indent" => $indent,
+    ];
+    if ($output !== null) {
+      $this->err = $this->out = new StdOutput($output, $params);
+    } else {
+      $this->out = new StdOutput(STDOUT, $params);
+      $this->err = new StdOutput(STDERR, $params);
+    }
+    $this->defaultLevel = $defaultLevel;
+    $this->minLevel = $minLevel;
+    $this->addDate = $addDate;
+    $this->dateFormat = $dateFormat;
+    $this->id = $id;
+    $this->showIds = $showIds;
+    $this->inSection = false;
+    $this->section = null;
+    $this->titles = [];
+    $this->actions = [];
+  }
+
+  function resetParams(?array $params=null): void {
+    $output = $params["output"] ?? null;
+    $color = $params["color"] ?? null;
+    $indent = $params["indent"] ?? null;
+
+    $defaultLevel = $params["default_level"] ?? null;
+    if ($defaultLevel !== null) $defaultLevel = self::verifix_level($defaultLevel);
+
+    $debug = $params["debug"] ?? null;
+    $minLevel = $params["min_level"] ?? null;
+    if ($debug !== null) $minLevel ??= self::DEBUG;
+    $minLevel ??= $params["verbosity"] ?? null; # alias
+    if ($minLevel !== null) $minLevel = self::verifix_level($minLevel, self::NONE);
+
+    $addDate = $params["add_date"] ?? null;
+    $dateFormat = $params["date_format"] ?? null;
+    $id = $params["id"] ?? null;
+
+    $params = [
+      "output" => $output,
+      "color" => $color,
+      "indent" => $indent,
+    ];
+    if ($this->out === $this->err) {
+      $this->out->resetParams($params);
+    } else {
+      # NB: si initialement [output] était null, et qu'on spécifie une valeur
+      # [output], alors les deux instances $out et $err sont mis à jour
+      # séparément avec la même valeur de output
+      # de plus, on ne peut plus revenir à la situation initiale avec une
+      # destination différente pour $out et $err
+      $this->out->resetParams($params);
+      $this->err->resetParams($params);
+    }
+    if ($defaultLevel !== null) $this->defaultLevel = $defaultLevel;
+    if ($minLevel !== null) $this->minLevel = $minLevel;
+    if ($addDate !== null) $this->addDate = boolval($addDate);
+    if ($dateFormat !== null) $this->dateFormat = $dateFormat;
+    if ($id !== null) $this->id = $id;
+  }
+
+  function clone(?array $params=null): IMessenger {
+    $clone = clone $this;
+    if ($params !== null) $clone->resetParams($params);
+    #XXX faut-il marquer la section et les titres du clone à "print" => false?
+    # ou en faire des références au parent?
+    # dans tous les cas, on considère qu'il n'y a pas d'actions en cours, et on
+    # ne doit pas dépiler avec end() plus que l'état que l'on a eu lors du clone
+    return $clone;
+  }
+
+  /** @var StdOutput la sortie d'erreur */
+  protected StdOutput $err;
+
+  /** @var bool est-on dans une section? */
+  protected bool $inSection;
+
+  /** @var array section qui est en attente d'affichage */
+  protected ?array $section;
+
+  function section($content, ?callable $func=null, ?int $level=null): void {
+    $this->_endSection();
+    $this->inSection = true;
+    if (!$this->checkLevel($level)) return;
+    $this->section = [
+      "line_prefix" => $this->getLinePrefix(),
+      "level" => $level,
+      "content" => $content,
+      "print_content" => true,
+    ];
+    if ($func !== null) {
+      try {
+        $func($this);
+      } finally {
+        $this->_endSection();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected function printSection() {
+    $section =& $this->section;
+    if ($section !== null && $section["print_content"]) {
+      $this->_printTitle(
+        $section["line_prefix"], $section["level"],
+        "section", $section["content"],
+        0, $this->err);
+      $section["print_content"] = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  function _endSection(): void {
+    while ($this->actions) $this->adone();
+    while ($this->titles) $this->_endTitle();
+    $this->inSection = false;
+    $this->section = null;
+  }
+
+  protected function getIndentLevel(bool $withActions=true): int {
+    $indentLevel = count($this->titles) - 1;
+    if ($indentLevel < 0) $indentLevel = 0;
+    if ($withActions) {
+      foreach ($this->actions as $action) {
+        if ($action["level"] < $this->minLevel) continue;
+        $indentLevel++;
+      }
+    }
+    return $indentLevel;
+  }
+
+  protected array $titles;
+
+  function _getTitleMark(): int {
+    return count($this->titles);
+  }
+
+  function _getTitleId(): ?int {
+    return end($this->titles)["id"] ?? null;
+  }
+
+  function title($content, ?callable $func=null, ?int $level=null): void {
+    if (!$this->checkLevel($level)) return;
+    $titleLevel = $this->_getTitleMark();
+    // faire en deux temps pour linePrefix soit à jour
+    $this->titles[] = ["id" => $this->lastTitleId++];
+    A::merge($this->titles[array_key_last($this->titles)], [
+      "title_level" => $titleLevel,
+      "max_title_level" => null,
+      "line_prefix" => $this->getLinePrefix(),
+      "level" => $level,
+      "content" => $content,
+      "print_content" => true,
+      "descs" => [],
+      "print_descs" => false,
+    ]);
+    if ($func !== null) {
+      try {
+        $title =& $this->titles[array_key_last($this->titles)];
+        $title["max_title_level"] = $titleLevel + 1;
+        $func($this);
+      } finally {
+        $title["max_title_level"] = null;
+        $this->_endTitle($titleLevel);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  function desc($content, ?int $level=null): void {
+    if (!$this->checkLevel($level)) return;
+    $desc = [
+      "line_prefix" => $this->getLinePrefix(),
+      "level" => $level,
+      "content" => $content,
+    ];
+    $key = array_key_last($this->titles);
+    if ($key !== null) {
+      $title =& $this->titles[$key];
+      $title["descs"][] = $desc;
+      $title["print_descs"] = true;
+    } else {
+      # pas de titre en cours
+      $this->_printGeneric(
+        $desc["line_prefix"], $desc["level"],
+        "desc", $desc["content"],
+        0, $this->err);
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected function flushTitles(): void {
+    $this->printSection();
+    $err = $this->err;
+    $indentLevel = 0;
+    foreach ($this->titles as &$title) {
+      if ($title["print_content"]) {
+        $this->_printTitle(
+          $title["line_prefix"], $title["level"],
+          "title", $title["content"],
+          $indentLevel, $err);
+        $title["print_content"] = false;
+      }
+      if ($title["print_descs"]) {
+        foreach ($title["descs"] as $desc) {
+          $this->_printGeneric(
+            $desc["line_prefix"], $desc["level"],
+            "desc", $desc["content"],
+            $indentLevel, $err);
+        }
+        $title["descs"] = [];
+        $title["print_descs"] = false;
+      }
+      $indentLevel++;
+    }; unset($title);
+  }
+
+  function _endTitle(?int $until=null): void {
+    $title = $this->titles[array_key_last($this->titles)];
+    $until ??= $title["max_title_level"];
+    $until ??= $this->_getTitleMark() - 1;
+    while (count($this->titles) > $until) {
+      array_pop($this->titles);
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected array $actions;
+
+  function _getActionMark(): int {
+    return count($this->actions);
+  }
+
+  function _getActionId(): ?int {
+    return end($this->actions)["id"] ?? null;
+  }
+
+  protected function flushActions(bool $endAction=false, ?int $overrideLevel=null): void {
+    $this->flushTitles();
+    $err = $this->err;
+    $indentLevel = $this->getIndentLevel(false);
+    $lastIndex = array_key_last($this->actions);
+    $index = 0;
+    foreach ($this->actions as &$action) {
+      $mergeResult = $index++ == $lastIndex && $endAction;
+      $linePrefix = $action["line_prefix"];
+      $level = $overrideLevel?? $action["level"];
+      $content = $action["content"];
+      $printContent = $action["print_content"];
+      $rsuccess = $action["result_success"];
+      $rcontent = $action["result_content"];
+      if ($level < $this->minLevel) continue;
+      if ($mergeResult) {
+        if (time() - $action["timestamp"] <= 2) {
+          $this->_printAction(
+            $linePrefix, $level,
+            $printContent, $content,
+            true, $rsuccess, $rcontent,
+            $indentLevel, $err);
+        } else {
+          # si l'action a pris plus de 2 secondes, ne pas fusionner pour que
+          # l'on voit le temps que ça a pris
+          $this->_printAction(
+            $linePrefix, $level,
+            $printContent, $content,
+            false, null, null,
+            $indentLevel, $err);
+          # recalculer une nouvelle ligne de préfixe pour le résultat
+          $linePrefix = $this->getLinePrefix();
+          $this->_printAction(
+            $linePrefix, $level,
+            false, null,
+            true, $rsuccess, $rcontent,
+            $indentLevel, $err);
+
+        }
+      } elseif ($printContent) {
+        $this->_printAction(
+          $linePrefix, $level,
+          $printContent, $content,
+          false, $rsuccess, $rcontent,
+          $indentLevel, $err);
+        $action["print_content"] = false;
+      }
+      $indentLevel++;
+    }; unset($action);
+    if ($endAction) $this->_endAction();
+  }
+
+  function action($content, ?callable $func=null, ?int $level=null): void {
+    $this->checkLevel($level);
+    $actionLevel = $this->_getActionMark();
+    // faire en deux temps pour linePrefix soit à jour
+    $this->actions[] = ["id" => $this->lastActionId++];
+    A::merge($this->actions[array_key_last($this->actions)], [
+      "action_level" => $actionLevel,
+      "max_action_level" => null,
+      "timestamp" => time(),
+      "line_prefix" => $this->getLinePrefix(),
+      "level" => $level,
+      "content" => $content,
+      "print_content" => true,
+      "result_success" => null,
+      "result_content" => null,
+    ]);
+    if ($func !== null) {
+      try {
+        $action =& $this->actions[array_key_last($this->actions)];
+        $action["max_action_level"] = $actionLevel + 1;
+        $result = $func($this);
+        if ($this->_getActionMark() > $actionLevel) {
+          $this->aresult($result);
+        }
+      } catch (Exception $e) {
+        $this->afailure($e);
+        throw $e;
+      } finally {
+        $action["max_action_level"] = null;
+        $this->_endAction($actionLevel);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  function step($content, ?int $level=null): void {
+    $this->_printGenericOrException(
+      $level, "step", $content, 
+      $this->getIndentLevel(), $this->err);
+  }
+
+  function asuccess($content=null, ?int $overrideLevel=null): void {
+    if (!$this->actions) $this->action(null);
+    $action =& $this->actions[array_key_last($this->actions)];
+    $action["result_success"] = true;
+    $action["result_content"] = $content;
+    $this->flushActions(true, $overrideLevel);
+  }
+
+  function afailure($content=null, ?int $overrideLevel=null): void {
+    if (!$this->actions) $this->action(null);
+    $action =& $this->actions[array_key_last($this->actions)];
+    $action["result_success"] = false;
+    $action["result_content"] = $content;
+    $this->flushActions(true, $overrideLevel);
+  }
+
+  function adone($content=null, ?int $overrideLevel=null): void {
+    if (!$this->actions) $this->action(null);
+    $action =& $this->actions[array_key_last($this->actions)];
+    $action["result_success"] = null;
+    $action["result_content"] = $content;
+    $this->flushActions(true, $overrideLevel);
+  }
+
+  function aresult($result=null, ?int $overrideLevel=null): void {
+    if (!$this->actions) $this->action(null);
+    if ($result === true) $this->asuccess(null, $overrideLevel);
+    elseif ($result === false) $this->afailure(null, $overrideLevel);
+    elseif ($result instanceof Exception) $this->afailure($result, $overrideLevel);
+    else $this->adone($result, $overrideLevel);
+  }
+
+  function _endAction(?int $until=null): void {
+    $action = $this->actions[array_key_last($this->actions)];
+    $until ??= $action["max_action_level"];
+    $until ??= $this->_getActionMark() - 1;
+    while (count($this->actions) > $until) {
+      array_pop($this->actions);
+    }
+  }
+
+  function print($content, ?int $level=null): void {
+    $this->_printGenericOrException(
+      $level, "print", $content,
+      $this->getIndentLevel(), $this->out);
+  }
+
+  function info($content, ?int $level=null): void {
+    $this->_printGenericOrException(
+      $level, "info", $content,
+      $this->getIndentLevel(), $this->err);
+  }
+
+  function note($content, ?int $level=null): void {
+    $this->_printGenericOrException(
+      $level, "note", $content,
+      $this->getIndentLevel(), $this->err);
+  }
+
+  function warning($content, ?int $level=null): void {
+    $this->_printGenericOrException(
+      $level, "warning", $content,
+      $this->getIndentLevel(), $this->err);
+  }
+
+  function error($content, ?int $level=null): void {
+    $this->_printGenericOrException(
+      $level, "error", $content,
+      $this->getIndentLevel(), $this->err);
+  }
+
+  function end(bool $all=false): void {
+    if ($all) $this->_endSection();
+    elseif ($this->actions) $this->_endAction();
+    elseif ($this->titles) $this->_endTitle();
+    else $this->_endSection();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/php/src/output/std/LogMessenger.php b/php/src/output/std/LogMessenger.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc7d978
--- /dev/null
+++ b/php/src/output/std/LogMessenger.php
@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+<?php
+namespace nulib\output\std;
+
+use Exception;
+use nulib\cl;
+use nulib\output\IMessenger;
+
+class LogMessenger extends AbstractMessenger {
+  const ADD_DATE = true;
+
+  const SHOW_IDS = true;
+
+  function __construct(?array $params=null) {
+    $output = $params["output"] ?? null;
+    $color = $params["color"] ?? false;
+    $indent = $params["indent"] ?? static::INDENT;
+
+    $defaultLevel = $params["default_level"] ?? null;
+    $defaultLevel = self::verifix_level($defaultLevel ?? self::NORMAL);
+
+    $debug = boolval($params["debug"] ?? null);
+    $minLevel = $params["min_level"] ?? null;
+    if ($debug) $minLevel ??= self::DEBUG;
+    $minLevel ??= $params["verbosity"] ?? null; # alias
+    $minLevel = self::verifix_level($minLevel ?? self::NORMAL, self::NONE);
+
+    $addDate = boolval($params["add_date"] ?? static::ADD_DATE);
+    $dateFormat = cl::get($params, "date_format", static::DATE_FORMAT);
+    $id = $params["id"] ?? null;
+    $showIds = $params["show_ids"] ?? static::SHOW_IDS;
+
+    $this->out = new StdOutput($output ?? STDERR, [
+      "color" => $color,
+      "indent" => $indent,
+    ]);
+    $this->defaultLevel = $defaultLevel;
+    $this->minLevel = $minLevel;
+    $this->addDate = $addDate;
+    $this->dateFormat = $dateFormat;
+    $this->id = $id;
+    $this->showIds = $showIds;
+    $this->titles = [];
+    $this->actions = [];
+  }
+
+  function resetParams(?array $params=null): void {
+    $output = $params["output"] ?? null;
+    $color = $params["color"] ?? null;
+    $indent = $params["indent"] ?? null;
+
+    $defaultLevel = $params["default_level"] ?? null;
+    if ($defaultLevel !== null) $defaultLevel = self::verifix_level($defaultLevel);
+
+    $debug = $params["debug"] ?? null;
+    $minLevel = $params["min_level"] ?? null;
+    if ($debug !== null) $minLevel ??= self::DEBUG;
+    $minLevel ??= $params["verbosity"] ?? null; # alias
+    if ($minLevel !== null) $minLevel = self::verifix_level($minLevel, self::NONE);
+
+    $addDate = $params["add_date"] ?? null;
+    $dateFormat = $params["date_format"] ?? null;
+    $id = $params["id"] ?? null;
+
+    $this->out->resetParams([
+      "output" => $output,
+      "color" => $color,
+      "indent" => $indent,
+    ]);
+    if ($defaultLevel !== null) $this->defaultLevel = $defaultLevel;
+    if ($minLevel !== null) $this->minLevel = $minLevel;
+    if ($addDate !== null) $this->addDate = boolval($addDate);
+    if ($dateFormat !== null) $this->dateFormat = $dateFormat;
+    if ($id !== null) $this->id = $id;
+  }
+
+  function clone(?array $params=null): IMessenger {
+    $clone = clone $this;
+    if ($params !== null) $clone->resetParams($params);
+    return $clone;
+  }
+
+  function section($content, ?callable $func=null, ?int $level=null): void {
+    $this->_endSection();
+    if (!$this->checkLevel($level)) return;
+    $this->_printTitle(
+      $this->getLinePrefix(), $level,
+      "section", $content,
+      0, $this->out);
+    if ($func !== null) {
+      try {
+        $func($this);
+      } finally {
+        $this->_endSection();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  function _endSection(): void {
+    $this->end(true);
+  }
+
+  protected array $titles;
+
+  function _getTitleMark(): int {
+    return count($this->titles);
+  }
+
+  function _getTitleId(): ?int {
+    return end($this->titles)["id"] ?? null;
+  }
+
+  function title($content, ?callable $func=null, ?int $level=null): void {
+    if (!$this->checkLevel($level)) return;
+    $titleLevel = $this->_getTitleMark();
+    $this->titles[] = [
+      "id" => $this->lastTitleId++,
+      "title_level" => $titleLevel,
+      "max_title_level" => null,
+    ];
+    $this->_printTitle(
+      $this->getLinePrefix(), $level,
+      "title", $content,
+      $titleLevel, $this->out);
+    if ($func !== null) {
+      try {
+        $title =& $this->titles[array_key_last($this->titles)];
+        $title["max_title_level"] = $titleLevel + 1;
+        $func($this);
+      } finally {
+        $title["max_title_level"] = null;
+        $this->_endTitle($titleLevel);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  function desc($content, ?int $level=null): void {
+    if (!$this->checkLevel($level)) return;
+    $titleLevel = end($this->titles)["title_level"] ?? 0;
+    $this->_printGeneric(
+      $this->getLinePrefix(), $level,
+      "desc", $content,
+      $titleLevel, $this->out);
+
+  }
+
+  function _endTitle(?int $until=null): void {
+    $title = $this->titles[array_key_last($this->titles)];
+    $until ??= $title["max_title_level"];
+    $until ??= $this->_getTitleMark() - 1;
+    while (count($this->titles) > $until) {
+      array_pop($this->titles);
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected array $actions;
+
+  function _getActionMark(): int {
+    return count($this->actions);
+  }
+
+  function _getActionId(): ?int {
+    return end($this->actions)["id"] ?? null;
+  }
+
+  function action($content, ?callable $func=null, ?int $level=null): void {
+    $this->checkLevel($level);
+    $actionLevel = $this->_getActionMark();
+    $this->actions[] = [
+      "id" => $this->lastActionId++,
+      "action_level" => $actionLevel,
+      "max_action_level" => null,
+      "level" => $level
+    ];
+    $this->_printAction(
+      $this->getLinePrefix(), $level,
+      true, $content,
+      false, null, null,
+      $actionLevel, $this->out);
+    if ($func !== null) {
+      try {
+        $action =& $this->actions[array_key_last($this->actions)];
+        $action["max_action_level"] = $actionLevel + 1;
+        $result = $func($this);
+        if ($this->_getActionMark() > $actionLevel) {
+          $this->aresult($result);
+        }
+      } catch (Exception $e) {
+        $this->afailure($e);
+        throw $e;
+      } finally {
+        $action["max_action_level"] = null;
+        $this->_endAction($actionLevel);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected function flushActions(bool $endAction=false, ?int $overrideLevel=null): void {
+  }
+
+  function step($content, ?int $level=null): void {
+    $this->_printGenericOrException(
+      $level, "step", $content,
+      $this->getIndentLevel(), $this->out);
+  }
+
+  function asuccess($content=null, ?int $overrideLevel=null): void {
+    if ($this->_getActionMark() == 0) $this->action(null);
+    $action = end($this->actions);
+    $level = $overrideLevel ?? $action["level"];
+    $this->_printAction(
+      $this->getLinePrefix(), $level,
+      false, null,
+      true, true, $content,
+      $action["action_level"], $this->out);
+    $this->_endAction();
+  }
+
+  function afailure($content=null, ?int $overrideLevel=null): void {
+    if ($this->_getActionMark() == 0) $this->action(null);
+    $action = end($this->actions);
+    $level = $overrideLevel ?? $action["level"];
+    $this->_printAction(
+      $this->getLinePrefix(), $level,
+      false, null,
+      true, false, $content,
+      $action["action_level"], $this->out);
+    $this->_endAction();
+  }
+
+  function adone($content=null, ?int $overrideLevel=null): void {
+    if ($this->_getActionMark() == 0) $this->action(null);
+    $action = end($this->actions);
+    $level = $overrideLevel ?? $action["level"];
+    $this->_printAction(
+      $this->getLinePrefix(), $level,
+      false, null,
+      true, null, $content,
+      $action["action_level"], $this->out);
+    $this->_endAction();
+  }
+
+  function aresult($result=null, ?int $overrideLevel=null): void {
+    if ($this->_getActionMark() == 0) $this->action(null);
+    if ($result === true) $this->asuccess(null, $overrideLevel);
+    elseif ($result === false) $this->afailure(null, $overrideLevel);
+    elseif ($result instanceof Exception) $this->afailure($result, $overrideLevel);
+    else $this->adone($result, $overrideLevel);
+  }
+
+  function _endAction(?int $until=null): void {
+    $action = $this->actions[array_key_last($this->actions)];
+    $until ??= $action["max_action_level"];
+    $until ??= $this->_getActionMark() - 1;
+    while (count($this->actions) > $until) {
+      array_pop($this->actions);
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected function getIndentLevel(bool $withActions=true): int {
+    $indentLevel = count($this->titles) - 1;
+    if ($indentLevel < 0) $indentLevel = 0;
+    if ($withActions) $indentLevel += count($this->actions);
+    return $indentLevel;
+  }
+
+  function print($content, ?int $level=null): void {
+    $this->_printGenericOrException(
+      $level, "print", $content,
+      $this->getIndentLevel(), $this->out);
+  }
+
+  function info($content, ?int $level=null): void {
+    $this->_printGenericOrException(
+      $level, "info", $content,
+      $this->getIndentLevel(), $this->out);
+  }
+
+  function note($content, ?int $level=null): void {
+    $this->_printGenericOrException(
+      $level, "note", $content,
+      $this->getIndentLevel(), $this->out);
+  }
+
+  function warning($content, ?int $level=null): void {
+    $this->_printGenericOrException(
+      $level, "warning", $content,
+      $this->getIndentLevel(), $this->out);
+  }
+
+  function error($content, ?int $level=null): void {
+    $this->_printGenericOrException(
+      $level, "error", $content,
+      $this->getIndentLevel(), $this->out);
+  }
+
+  function end(bool $all=false): void {
+    if ($all) {
+      while ($this->actions) $this->adone();
+      while ($this->titles) $this->_endTitle();
+    } elseif ($this->actions) {
+      $this->_endAction();
+    } elseif ($this->titles) {
+      $this->_endTitle();
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/php/src/output/std/NullMessenger.php b/php/src/output/std/NullMessenger.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca4f816
--- /dev/null
+++ b/php/src/output/std/NullMessenger.php
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+<?php
+namespace nulib\output\std;
+
+use nulib\output\IMessenger;
+
+class NullMessenger implements IMessenger {
+  function resetParams(?array $params=null): void {
+  }
+
+  function clone(?array $params=null): self {
+    return clone $this;
+  }
+
+  function section($content, ?callable $func=null, ?int $level=null): void {
+  }
+
+  function title($content, ?callable $func=null, ?int $level=null): void {
+  }
+
+  function desc($content, ?int $level=null): void {
+  }
+
+  function action($content, ?callable $func=null, ?int $level=null): void {
+  }
+
+  function step($content, ?int $level=null): void {
+  }
+
+  function asuccess($content=null, ?int $overrideLevel=null): void {
+  }
+
+  function afailure($content=null, ?int $overrideLevel=null): void {
+  }
+
+  function adone($content=null, ?int $overrideLevel=null): void {
+  }
+
+  function aresult($result=null, ?int $overrideLevel=null): void {
+  }
+
+  function print($content, ?int $level=null): void {
+  }
+
+  function info($content, ?int $level=null): void {
+  }
+
+  function note($content, ?int $level=null): void {
+  }
+
+  function warning($content, ?int $level=null): void {
+  }
+
+  function error($content, ?int $level=null): void {
+  }
+
+  function end(bool $all=false): void {
+  }
+}
diff --git a/php/src/output/std/ProxyMessenger.php b/php/src/output/std/ProxyMessenger.php
index f1123d8..527fec0 100644
--- a/php/src/output/std/ProxyMessenger.php
+++ b/php/src/output/std/ProxyMessenger.php
@@ -7,22 +7,34 @@ use nulib\output\IMessenger;
 /**
  * Class ProxyMessenger: un proxy vers ou un plusieurs instances de IMessenger
  *
- * NB: si cette classe est instanciée sans argument, elle agit comme un
- * "NullMessenger", c'est à dire une instance qui envoie tous les messages vers
- * /dev/null
+ * NB: si cette classe est instanciée sans argument, elle agit comme
+ * {@link NullMessenger}: elle envoie tous les messages vers /dev/null
  */
 class ProxyMessenger implements IMessenger {
   function __construct(?IMessenger ...$msgs) {
-    $this->msgs = [];
     foreach ($msgs as $msg) {
       if ($msg !== null) $this->msgs[] = $msg;
     }
   }
 
   /** @var IMessenger[] */
-  protected $msgs;
+  protected ?array $msgs = [];
+
+  function isEmpty(): bool {
+    return !$this->msgs;
+  }
+
+  function addMessenger(IMessenger $msg): self {
+    $this->msgs[] = $msg;
+    return $this;
+  }
+
+  function resetParams(?array $params=null): void {
+    foreach ($this->msgs as $msg) {
+      $msg->resetParams($params);
+    }
+  }
 
-  function resetParams(?array $params=null): void { foreach ($this->msgs as $msg) { $msg->resetParams($params); } }
   function clone(?array $params=null): self {
     $clone = clone $this;
     foreach ($clone->msgs as &$msg) {
@@ -30,6 +42,7 @@ class ProxyMessenger implements IMessenger {
     }; unset($msg);
     return $clone;
   }
+
   function section($content, ?callable $func=null, ?int $level=null): void {
     $useFunc = false;
     foreach ($this->msgs as $msg) {
@@ -47,6 +60,7 @@ class ProxyMessenger implements IMessenger {
       }
     }
   }
+
   function title($content, ?callable $func=null, ?int $level=null): void {
     $useFunc = false;
     $untils = [];
@@ -71,7 +85,13 @@ class ProxyMessenger implements IMessenger {
       }
     }
   }
-  function desc($content, ?int $level=null): void { foreach ($this->msgs as $msg) { $msg->desc($content, $level); } }
+
+  function desc($content, ?int $level=null): void {
+    foreach ($this->msgs as $msg) {
+      $msg->desc($content, $level);
+    }
+  }
+
   function action($content, ?callable $func=null, ?int $level=null): void {
     $useFunc = false;
     $untils = [];
@@ -107,15 +127,70 @@ class ProxyMessenger implements IMessenger {
       }
     }
   }
-  function step($content, ?int $level=null): void { foreach ($this->msgs as $msg) { $msg->step($content, $level); } }
-  function asuccess($content=null, ?int $overrideLevel=null): void { foreach ($this->msgs as $msg) { $msg->asuccess($content, $overrideLevel); } }
-  function afailure($content=null, ?int $overrideLevel=null): void { foreach ($this->msgs as $msg) { $msg->afailure($content, $overrideLevel); } }
-  function adone($content=null, ?int $overrideLevel=null): void { foreach ($this->msgs as $msg) { $msg->adone($content, $overrideLevel); } }
-  function aresult($result=null, ?int $overrideLevel=null): void { foreach ($this->msgs as $msg) { $msg->aresult($result, $overrideLevel); } }
-  function print($content, ?int $level=null): void { foreach ($this->msgs as $msg) { $msg->print($content, $level); } }
-  function info($content, ?int $level=null): void { foreach ($this->msgs as $msg) { $msg->info($content, $level); } }
-  function note($content, ?int $level=null): void { foreach ($this->msgs as $msg) { $msg->note($content, $level); } }
-  function warning($content, ?int $level=null): void { foreach ($this->msgs as $msg) { $msg->warning($content, $level); } }
-  function error($content, ?int $level=null): void { foreach ($this->msgs as $msg) { $msg->error($content, $level); } }
-  function end(bool $all=false): void { foreach ($this->msgs as $msg) { $msg->end($all); } }
+
+  function step($content, ?int $level=null): void {
+    foreach ($this->msgs as $msg) {
+      $msg->step($content, $level);
+    }
+  }
+
+  function asuccess($content=null, ?int $overrideLevel=null): void {
+    foreach ($this->msgs as $msg) {
+      $msg->asuccess($content, $overrideLevel);
+    }
+  }
+
+  function afailure($content=null, ?int $overrideLevel=null): void {
+    foreach ($this->msgs as $msg) {
+      $msg->afailure($content, $overrideLevel);
+    }
+  }
+
+  function adone($content=null, ?int $overrideLevel=null): void {
+    foreach ($this->msgs as $msg) {
+      $msg->adone($content, $overrideLevel);
+    }
+  }
+
+  function aresult($result=null, ?int $overrideLevel=null): void {
+    foreach ($this->msgs as $msg) {
+      $msg->aresult($result, $overrideLevel);
+    }
+  }
+
+  function print($content, ?int $level=null): void {
+    foreach ($this->msgs as $msg) {
+      $msg->print($content, $level);
+    }
+  }
+
+  function info($content, ?int $level=null): void {
+    foreach ($this->msgs as $msg) {
+      $msg->info($content, $level);
+    }
+  }
+
+  function note($content, ?int $level=null): void {
+    foreach ($this->msgs as $msg) {
+      $msg->note($content, $level);
+    }
+  }
+
+  function warning($content, ?int $level=null): void {
+    foreach ($this->msgs as $msg) {
+      $msg->warning($content, $level);
+    }
+  }
+
+  function error($content, ?int $level=null): void {
+    foreach ($this->msgs as $msg) {
+      $msg->error($content, $level);
+    }
+  }
+
+  function end(bool $all=false): void {
+    foreach ($this->msgs as $msg) {
+      $msg->end($all);
+    }
+  }
 }
diff --git a/php/src/output/std/StdMessenger.php b/php/src/output/std/StdMessenger.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 4ac8d83..0000000
--- a/php/src/output/std/StdMessenger.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,724 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-namespace nulib\output\std;
-
-use Exception;
-use nulib\A;
-use nulib\cl;
-use nulib\exceptions;
-use nulib\ExceptionShadow;
-use nulib\output\IMessenger;
-use Throwable;
-
-class StdMessenger implements _IMessenger {
-  const INDENT = "  ";
-  const DATE_FORMAT = 'Y-m-d\TH:i:s.u';
-
-  const VALID_LEVELS = [self::DEBUG, self::MINOR, self::NORMAL, self::MAJOR, self::NONE];
-  const LEVEL_MAP = [
-    "debug" => self::DEBUG,
-    "minor" => self::MINOR, "verbose" => self::MINOR,
-    "normal" => self::NORMAL,
-    "major" => self::MAJOR, "quiet" => self::MAJOR,
-    "none" => self::NONE, "silent" => self::NONE,
-  ];
-
-  protected static function verifix_level($level, int $max_level=self::MAX_LEVEL): int {
-    if (!in_array($level, self::VALID_LEVELS, true)) {
-      $level = cl::get(self::LEVEL_MAP, $level, $level);
-    }
-    if (!in_array($level, self::VALID_LEVELS, true)) {
-      throw new Exception("$level: invalid level");
-    }
-    if ($level > $max_level) {
-      throw new Exception("$level: level not allowed here");
-    }
-    return $level;
-  }
-
-  const GENERIC_PREFIXES = [
-    self::MAJOR => [
-      "section" => [true, "SECTION!", "===", "<color @b>=", "=</color>", "==="],
-      "title" => [false, "TITLE!", null, "<color @b>T", "</color>", "==="],
-      "desc" => ["DESC!", "<color @b>></color>", ""],
-      "error" => ["CRIT.ERROR!", "<color @r>E!", "</color>"],
-      "warning" => ["CRIT.WARNING!", "<color @y>W!", "</color>"],
-      "note" => ["ATTENTION!", "<color @g>N!", "</color>"],
-      "info" => ["IMPORTANT!", "<color @b>N!", "</color>"],
-      "step" => ["*", "<color @w>.</color>", ""],
-      "print" => [null, null, null],
-    ],
-    self::NORMAL => [
-      "section" => [true, "SECTION:", "---", "<color @b>-", "-</color>", "---"],
-      "title" => [false, "TITLE:", null, "<color @b>T</color><color b>", "</color>", "---"],
-      "desc" => ["DESC:", "<color @b>></color>", ""],
-      "error" => ["ERROR:", "<color @r>E</color><color r>", "</color>"],
-      "warning" => ["WARNING:", "<color @y>W</color><color y>", "</color>"],
-      "note" => ["NOTE:", "<color @g>N</color>", ""],
-      "info" => ["INFO:", "<color @b>I</color>", ""],
-      "step" => ["*", "<color @w>.</color>", ""],
-      "print" => [null, null, null],
-    ],
-    self::MINOR => [
-      "section" => [true, "section", null, "<color @w>>>", "<<</color>", null],
-      "title" => [false, "title", null, "<color b>t", "</color>", null],
-      "desc" => ["desc", "<color b>></color>", ""],
-      "error" => ["error", "<color r>E</color><color -r>", "</color>"],
-      "warning" => ["warning", "<color y>W</color><color -y>", "</color>"],
-      "note" => ["note", "<color g>N</color>", ""],
-      "info" => ["info", "<color b>I</color><color w>", "</color>"],
-      "step" => ["*", "<color w>.</color>", ""],
-      "print" => [null, null, null],
-    ],
-    self::DEBUG => [
-      "section" => [true, "section", null, "<color @w>>>", "<<</color>", null],
-      "title" => [false, "title", null, "<color b>t", "</color>", null],
-      "desc" => ["desc", "<color b>></color>", ""],
-      "error" => ["debugE", "<color r>e</color><color -r>", "</color>"],
-      "warning" => ["debugW", "<color y>w</color><color -y>", "</color>"],
-      "note" => ["debugN", "<color b>i</color>", ""],
-      "info" => ["debug", "<color @w>D</color><color w>", "</color>"],
-      "step" => ["*", "<color w>.</color>", ""],
-      "print" => [null, null, null],
-    ],
-  ];
-
-  const RESULT_PREFIXES = [
-    "failure" => ["(FAILURE)", "<color r>✘</color>"],
-    "success" => ["(SUCCESS)", "<color @g>✔</color>"],
-    "done" => [null, null],
-  ];
-
-  function __construct(?array $params=null) {
-    $output = cl::get($params, "output");
-    $color = cl::get($params, "color");
-    $indent = cl::get($params, "indent", static::INDENT);
-
-    $defaultLevel = cl::get($params, "default_level");
-    if ($defaultLevel === null) $defaultLevel = self::NORMAL;
-    $defaultLevel = self::verifix_level($defaultLevel);
-
-    $debug = boolval(cl::get($params, "debug"));
-    $minLevel = cl::get($params, "min_level");
-    if ($minLevel === null && $debug) $minLevel = self::DEBUG;
-    if ($minLevel === null) $minLevel = cl::get($params, "verbosity"); # alias
-    if ($minLevel === null) $minLevel = self::NORMAL;
-    $minLevel = self::verifix_level($minLevel, self::NONE);
-
-    $addDate = boolval(cl::get($params, "add_date"));
-    $dateFormat = cl::get($params, "date_format", static::DATE_FORMAT);
-    $id = cl::get($params, "id");
-
-    $params = [
-      "color" => $color,
-      "indent" => $indent,
-    ];
-    if ($output !== null) {
-      $this->err = $this->out = new StdOutput($output, $params);
-    } else {
-      $this->out = new StdOutput(STDOUT, $params);
-      $this->err = new StdOutput(STDERR, $params);
-    }
-    $this->defaultLevel = $defaultLevel;
-    $this->minLevel = $minLevel;
-    $this->addDate = $addDate;
-    $this->dateFormat = $dateFormat;
-    $this->id = $id;
-    $this->inSection = false;
-    $this->titles = [];
-    $this->actions = [];
-  }
-
-  function resetParams(?array $params=null): void {
-    $output = cl::get($params, "output");
-    $color = cl::get($params, "color");
-    $indent = cl::get($params, "indent");
-
-    $defaultLevel = cl::get($params, "default_level");
-    if ($defaultLevel !== null) $defaultLevel = self::verifix_level($defaultLevel);
-
-    $debug = cl::get($params, "debug");
-    $minLevel = cl::get($params, "min_level");
-    if ($minLevel === null && $debug !== null) $minLevel = $debug? self::DEBUG: self::NORMAL;
-    if ($minLevel === null) $minLevel = cl::get($params, "verbosity"); # alias
-    if ($minLevel !== null) $minLevel = self::verifix_level($minLevel, self::NONE);
-
-    $addDate = cl::get($params, "add_date");
-    $dateFormat = cl::get($params, "date_format");
-    $id = cl::get($params, "id");
-
-    $params = [
-      "output" => $output,
-      "color" => $color,
-      "indent" => $indent,
-    ];
-    if ($this->out === $this->err) {
-      $this->out->resetParams($params);
-    } else {
-      # NB: si initialement [output] était null, et qu'on spécifie une valeur
-      # [output], alors les deux instances $out et $err sont mis à jour
-      # séparément avec la même valeur de output
-      # de plus, on ne peut plus revenir à la situation initiale avec une
-      # destination différente pour $out et $err
-      $this->out->resetParams($params);
-      $this->err->resetParams($params);
-    }
-    if ($defaultLevel !== null) $this->defaultLevel = $defaultLevel;
-    if ($minLevel !== null) $this->minLevel = $minLevel;
-    if ($addDate !== null) $this->addDate = boolval($addDate);
-    if ($dateFormat !== null) $this->dateFormat = $dateFormat;
-    if ($id !== null) $this->id = $id;
-  }
-
-  function clone(?array $params=null): IMessenger {
-    $clone = clone $this;
-    if ($params !== null) $clone->resetParams($params);
-    #XXX faut-il marquer la section et les titres du clone à "print" => false?
-    # ou en faire des références au parent?
-    # dans tous les cas, on considère qu'il n'y a pas d'actions en cours, et on
-    # ne doit pas dépiler avec end() plus que l'état que l'on a eu lors du clone
-    return $clone;
-  }
-
-  /** @var StdOutput la sortie standard */
-  protected $out;
-
-  /** @var StdOutput la sortie d'erreur */
-  protected $err;
-
-  /** @var int level par défaut dans lequel les messages sont affichés */
-  protected $defaultLevel;
-
-  /** @var int level minimum que doivent avoir les messages pour être affichés */
-  protected $minLevel;
-
-  /** @var bool faut-il ajouter la date à chaque ligne? */
-  protected $addDate;
-
-  /** @var string format de la date */
-  protected $dateFormat;
-
-  /** @var ?string identifiant de ce messenger, à ajouter à chaque ligne */
-  protected $id;
-
-  protected function getLinePrefix(): ?string {
-    $linePrefix = null;
-    if ($this->addDate) {
-      $date = date_create()->format($this->dateFormat);
-      $linePrefix .= "$date ";
-    }
-    if ($this->id !== null) {
-      $linePrefix .= "$this->id ";
-    }
-    return $linePrefix;
-  }
-
-  protected function decrLevel(int $level, int $amount=-1): int {
-    $level += $amount;
-    if ($level < self::MIN_LEVEL) $level = self::MIN_LEVEL;
-    return $level;
-  }
-
-  protected function checkLevel(?int &$level): bool {
-    if ($level === null) $level = $this->defaultLevel;
-    elseif ($level < 0) $level = $this->decrLevel($this->defaultLevel, $level);
-    return $level >= $this->minLevel;
-  }
-
-  protected function getIndentLevel(bool $withActions=true): int {
-    $indentLevel = count($this->titles) - 1;
-    if ($indentLevel < 0) $indentLevel = 0;
-    if ($withActions) {
-      foreach ($this->actions as $action) {
-        if ($action["level"] < $this->minLevel) continue;
-        $indentLevel++;
-      }
-    }
-    return $indentLevel;
-  }
-
-  protected function _printTitle(
-    ?string $linePrefix, int $level,
-    string $type, $content,
-    int $indentLevel, StdOutput $out
-  ): void {
-    $prefixes = self::GENERIC_PREFIXES[$level][$type];
-    if ($prefixes[0]) $out->print();
-    $content = cl::with($content);
-    if ($out->isColor()) {
-      $before = $prefixes[2];
-      $prefix = $prefixes[3];
-      $prefix2 = $prefix !== null? "$prefix ": null;
-      $suffix = $prefixes[4];
-      $suffix2 = $suffix !== null? " $suffix": null;
-      $after = $prefixes[5];
-
-      $lines = $out->getLines(false, ...$content);
-      $maxlen = 0;
-      foreach ($lines as &$content) {
-        $line = $out->filterColors($content);
-        $len = mb_strlen($line);
-        if ($len > $maxlen) $maxlen = $len;
-        $content = [$content, $len];
-      }; unset($content);
-      if ($before !== null) {
-        if ($linePrefix !== null) $out->write($linePrefix);
-        $out->iprint($indentLevel, $prefix, substr($before, 1), str_repeat($before[0], $maxlen), $suffix);
-      }
-      foreach ($lines as [$content, $len]) {
-        if ($linePrefix !== null) $out->write($linePrefix);
-        $padding = $len < $maxlen? str_repeat(" ", $maxlen - $len): null;
-        $out->iprint($indentLevel, $prefix2, $content, $padding, $suffix2);
-      }
-      if ($after !== null) {
-        if ($linePrefix !== null) $out->write($linePrefix);
-        $out->iprint($indentLevel, $prefix, substr($after, 1), str_repeat($after[0], $maxlen), $suffix);
-      }
-    } else {
-      $prefix = $prefixes[1];
-      if ($prefix !== null) $prefix .= " ";
-      $prefix2 = str_repeat(" ", mb_strlen($prefix));
-      $lines = $out->getLines(false, ...$content);
-      foreach ($lines as $content) {
-        if ($linePrefix !== null) $out->write($linePrefix);
-        $out->iprint($indentLevel, $prefix, $content);
-        $prefix = $prefix2;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  protected function _printAction(
-    ?string $linePrefix, int $level,
-    bool $printContent, $content,
-    bool $printResult, ?bool $rsuccess, $rcontent,
-    int $indentLevel, StdOutput $out
-  ): void {
-    $color = $out->isColor();
-    if ($rsuccess === true) $type = "success";
-    elseif ($rsuccess === false) $type = "failure";
-    else $type = "done";
-    $rprefixes = self::RESULT_PREFIXES[$type];
-    if ($color) {
-      $rprefix = $rprefixes[1];
-      $rprefix2 = null;
-      if ($rprefix !== null) {
-        $rprefix .= " ";
-        $rprefix2 = $out->filterColors($out->filterContent($rprefix));
-        $rprefix2 = str_repeat(" ", mb_strlen($rprefix2));
-      }
-    } else {
-      $rprefix = $rprefixes[0];
-      if ($rprefix !== null) $rprefix .= " ";
-      $rprefix2 = str_repeat(" ", mb_strlen($rprefix));
-    }
-    if ($printContent && $printResult) {
-      A::ensure_array($content);
-      if ($rcontent) {
-        $content[] = ": ";
-        $content[] = $rcontent;
-      }
-      $lines = $out->getLines(false, ...$content);
-      foreach ($lines as $content) {
-        if ($linePrefix !== null) $out->write($linePrefix);
-        $out->iprint($indentLevel, $rprefix, $content);
-        $rprefix = $rprefix2;
-      }
-    } elseif ($printContent) {
-      $prefixes = self::GENERIC_PREFIXES[$level]["step"];
-      if ($color) {
-        $prefix = $prefixes[1];
-        if ($prefix !== null) $prefix .= " ";
-        $prefix2 = $out->filterColors($out->filterContent($prefix));
-        $prefix2 = str_repeat(" ", mb_strlen($prefix2));
-        $suffix = $prefixes[2];
-      } else {
-        $prefix = $prefixes[0];
-        if ($prefix !== null) $prefix .= " ";
-        $prefix2 = str_repeat(" ", mb_strlen($prefix));
-        $suffix = null;
-      }
-      A::ensure_array($content);
-      $content[] = ":";
-      $lines = $out->getLines(false, ...$content);
-      foreach ($lines as $content) {
-        if ($linePrefix !== null) $out->write($linePrefix);
-        $out->iprint($indentLevel, $prefix, $content, $suffix);
-        $prefix = $prefix2;
-      }
-    } elseif ($printResult) {
-      if (!$rcontent) {
-        if ($type === "success") $rcontent = $color? "succès": "";
-        elseif ($type === "failure") $rcontent = $color? "échec": "";
-        elseif ($type === "done") $rcontent = "fait";
-      }
-      $rprefix = " $rprefix";
-      $rprefix2 = " $rprefix2";
-      $lines = $out->getLines(false, $rcontent);
-      foreach ($lines as $rcontent) {
-        if ($linePrefix !== null) $out->write($linePrefix);
-        $out->iprint($indentLevel, $rprefix, $rcontent);
-        $rprefix = $rprefix2;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  protected function _printGeneric(
-    ?string $linePrefix, int $level,
-    string $type, $content,
-    int $indentLevel, StdOutput $out
-  ): void {
-    $prefixes = self::GENERIC_PREFIXES[$level][$type];
-    $content = cl::with($content);
-    if ($out->isColor()) {
-      $prefix = $prefixes[1];
-      $prefix2 = null;
-      if ($prefix !== null) {
-        $prefix .= " ";
-        $prefix2 = $out->filterColors($out->filterContent($prefix));
-        $prefix2 = str_repeat(" ", mb_strlen($prefix2));
-      }
-      $suffix = $prefixes[2];
-      $lines = $out->getLines(false, ...$content);
-      foreach ($lines as $content) {
-        if ($linePrefix !== null) $out->write($linePrefix);
-        $out->iprint($indentLevel, $prefix, $content, $suffix);
-        $prefix = $prefix2;
-      }
-    } else {
-      $prefix = $prefixes[0];
-      if ($prefix !== null) $prefix .= " ";
-      $prefix2 = str_repeat(" ", mb_strlen($prefix));
-      $lines = $out->getLines(false, ...$content);
-      foreach ($lines as $content) {
-        if ($linePrefix !== null) $out->write($linePrefix);
-        $out->iprint($indentLevel, $prefix, $content);
-        $prefix = $prefix2;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  protected function _printGenericOrException(
-    ?int $level,
-    string $type, $content,
-    int $indentLevel, StdOutput $out
-  ): void {
-    $linePrefix = $this->getLinePrefix();
-    # si $content contient des exceptions, les afficher avec un level moindre
-    $exceptions = null;
-    if (is_array($content)) {
-      $valueContent = null;
-      foreach ($content as $value) {
-        if ($value instanceof Throwable || $value instanceof ExceptionShadow) {
-          $exceptions[] = $value;
-        } else {
-          $valueContent[] = $value;
-        }
-      }
-      if ($valueContent === null) $content = null;
-      elseif (count($valueContent) == 1) $content = $valueContent[0];
-      else $content = $valueContent;
-    } elseif ($content instanceof Throwable || $content instanceof ExceptionShadow) {
-      $exceptions[] = $content;
-      $content = null;
-    }
-
-    $printActions = true;
-    $showContent = $this->checkLevel($level);
-    if ($content !== null && $showContent) {
-      $this->printActions(); $printActions = false;
-      $this->_printGeneric($linePrefix, $level, $type, $content, $indentLevel, $out);
-    }
-    if ($exceptions !== null) {
-      $level1 = $this->decrLevel($level);
-      $showTraceback = $this->checkLevel($level1);
-      foreach ($exceptions as $exception) {
-        # tout d'abord message
-        $message = exceptions::get_message($exception);
-        if ($showContent) {
-          if ($printActions) { $this->printActions(); $printActions = false; }
-          $this->_printGeneric($linePrefix, $level, $type, $message, $indentLevel, $out);
-        }
-        # puis summary et traceback
-        if ($showTraceback) {
-          if ($printActions) { $this->printActions(); $printActions = false; }
-          $summary = exceptions::get_summary($exception, false);
-          $this->_printGeneric($linePrefix, $level1, $type, $summary, $indentLevel, $out);
-          $traceback = exceptions::get_traceback($exception);
-          $this->_printGeneric($linePrefix, $level1, $type, $traceback, $indentLevel, $out);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /** @var bool est-on dans une section? */
-  protected $inSection;
-
-  /** @var array section qui est en attente d'affichage */
-  protected $section;
-
-  function section($content, ?callable $func=null, ?int $level=null): void {
-    $this->_endSection();
-    $this->inSection = true;
-    if (!$this->checkLevel($level)) return;
-    $this->section = [
-      "line_prefix" => $this->getLinePrefix(),
-      "level" => $level,
-      "content" => $content,
-      "print_content" => true,
-    ];
-    if ($func !== null) {
-      try {
-        $func($this);
-      } finally {
-        $this->_endSection();
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  protected function printSection() {
-    $section =& $this->section;
-    if ($section !== null && $section["print_content"]) {
-      $this->_printTitle(
-        $section["line_prefix"], $section["level"],
-        "section", $section["content"],
-        0, $this->err);
-      $section["print_content"] = false;
-    }
-  }
-
-  function _endSection(): void {
-    $this->inSection = false;
-    $this->section = null;
-  }
-
-  /** @var array */
-  protected $titles;
-
-  /** @var array */
-  protected $title;
-
-  function _getTitleMark(): int {
-    return count($this->titles);
-  }
-
-  function title($content, ?callable $func=null, ?int $level=null): void {
-    if (!$this->checkLevel($level)) return;
-    $until = $this->_getTitleMark();
-    $this->titles[] = [
-      "line_prefix" => $this->getLinePrefix(),
-      "level" => $level,
-      "content" => $content,
-      "print_content" => true,
-      "descs" => [],
-      "print_descs" => false,
-    ];
-    $this->title =& $this->titles[$until];
-    if ($func !== null) {
-      try {
-        $func($this);
-      } finally {
-        $this->_endTitle($until);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  function desc($content, ?int $level=null): void {
-    if (!$this->checkLevel($level)) return;
-    $title =& $this->title;
-    $title["descs"][] = [
-      "line_prefix" => $this->getLinePrefix(),
-      "level" => $level,
-      "content" => $content,
-    ];
-    $title["print_descs"] = true;
-  }
-
-  protected function printTitles(): void {
-    $this->printSection();
-    $err = $this->err;
-    $indentLevel = 0;
-    foreach ($this->titles as &$title) {
-      if ($title["print_content"]) {
-        $this->_printTitle(
-          $title["line_prefix"], $title["level"],
-          "title", $title["content"],
-          $indentLevel, $err);
-        $title["print_content"] = false;
-      }
-      if ($title["print_descs"]) {
-        foreach ($title["descs"] as $desc) {
-          $this->_printGeneric(
-            $desc["line_prefix"], $desc["level"],
-            "desc", $desc["content"],
-            $indentLevel, $err);
-        }
-        $title["descs"] = [];
-        $title["print_descs"] = false;
-      }
-      $indentLevel++;
-    }; unset($title);
-  }
-
-  function _endTitle(?int $until=null): void {
-    if ($until === null) $until = $this->_getTitleMark() - 1;
-    while (count($this->titles) > $until) {
-      array_pop($this->titles);
-    }
-    if ($this->titles) {
-      $this->title =& $this->titles[count($this->titles) - 1];
-    } else {
-      $this->titles = [];
-      unset($this->title);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /** @var array */
-  protected $actions;
-  
-  /** @var array */
-  protected $action;
-
-  function _getActionMark(): int {
-    return count($this->actions);
-  }
-
-  function action($content, ?callable $func=null, ?int $level=null): void {
-    $this->checkLevel($level);
-    $until = $this->_getActionMark();
-    $this->actions[] = [
-      "line_prefix" => $this->getLinePrefix(),
-      "level" => $level,
-      "content" => $content,
-      "print_content" => true,
-      "result_success" => null,
-      "result_content" => null,
-    ];
-    $this->action =& $this->actions[$until];
-    if ($func !== null) {
-      try {
-        $result = $func($this);
-        if ($this->_getActionMark() > $until) {
-          $this->aresult($result);
-        }
-      } catch (Exception $e) {
-        $this->afailure($e);
-        throw $e;
-      } finally {
-        $this->_endAction($until);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  
-  function printActions(bool $endAction=false, ?int $overrideLevel=null): void {
-    $this->printTitles();
-    $err = $this->err;
-    $indentLevel = $this->getIndentLevel(false);
-    $lastIndex = count($this->actions) - 1;
-    $index = 0;
-    foreach ($this->actions as &$action) {
-      $mergeResult = $index++ == $lastIndex && $endAction;
-      $linePrefix = $action["line_prefix"];
-      $level = $overrideLevel?? $action["level"];
-      $content = $action["content"];
-      $printContent = $action["print_content"];
-      $rsuccess = $action["result_success"];
-      $rcontent = $action["result_content"];
-      if ($level < $this->minLevel) continue;
-      if ($mergeResult) {
-        $this->_printAction(
-          $linePrefix, $level,
-          $printContent, $content,
-          true, $rsuccess, $rcontent,
-          $indentLevel, $err);
-      } elseif ($printContent) {
-        $this->_printAction(
-          $linePrefix, $level,
-          $printContent, $content,
-          false, $rsuccess, $rcontent,
-          $indentLevel, $err);
-        $action["print_content"] = false;
-      }
-      $indentLevel++;
-    }; unset($action);
-    if ($endAction) $this->_endAction();
-  }
-
-  function step($content, ?int $level=null): void {
-    $this->_printGenericOrException($level, "step", $content, $this->getIndentLevel(), $this->err);
-  }
-
-  function asuccess($content=null, ?int $overrideLevel=null): void {
-    if (!$this->actions) $this->action(null);
-    $this->action["result_success"] = true;
-    $this->action["result_content"] = $content;
-    $this->printActions(true, $overrideLevel);
-  }
-
-  function afailure($content=null, ?int $overrideLevel=null): void {
-    if (!$this->actions) $this->action(null);
-    $this->action["result_success"] = false;
-    $this->action["result_content"] = $content;
-    $this->printActions(true, $overrideLevel);
-  }
-
-  function adone($content=null, ?int $overrideLevel=null): void {
-    if (!$this->actions) $this->action(null);
-    $this->action["result_success"] = null;
-    $this->action["result_content"] = $content;
-    $this->printActions(true, $overrideLevel);
-  }
-
-  function aresult($result=null, ?int $overrideLevel=null): void {
-    if (!$this->actions) $this->action(null);
-    if ($result === true) $this->asuccess(null, $overrideLevel);
-    elseif ($result === false) $this->afailure(null, $overrideLevel);
-    elseif ($result instanceof Exception) $this->afailure($result, $overrideLevel);
-    else $this->adone($result, $overrideLevel);
-  }
-
-  function _endAction(?int $until=null): void {
-    if ($until === null) $until = $this->_getActionMark() - 1;
-    while (count($this->actions) > $until) {
-      array_pop($this->actions);
-    }
-    if ($this->actions) {
-      $this->action =& $this->actions[count($this->actions) - 1];
-    } else {
-      $this->actions = [];
-      unset($this->action);
-    }
-  }
-
-  function print($content, ?int $level=null): void {
-    $this->_printGenericOrException($level, "print", $content, $this->getIndentLevel(), $this->out);
-  }
-
-  function info($content, ?int $level=null): void {
-    $this->_printGenericOrException($level, "info", $content, $this->getIndentLevel(), $this->err);
-  }
-
-  function note($content, ?int $level=null): void {
-    $this->_printGenericOrException($level, "note", $content, $this->getIndentLevel(), $this->err);
-  }
-
-  function warning($content, ?int $level=null): void {
-    $this->_printGenericOrException($level, "warning", $content, $this->getIndentLevel(), $this->err);
-  }
-
-  function error($content, ?int $level=null): void {
-    $this->_printGenericOrException($level, "error", $content, $this->getIndentLevel(), $this->err);
-  }
-
-  function end(bool $all=false): void {
-    if ($all) {
-      while ($this->actions) $this->adone();
-      while ($this->titles) $this->_endTitle();
-      $this->_endSection();
-    } elseif ($this->actions) {
-      $this->_endAction();
-    } elseif ($this->titles) {
-      $this->_endTitle();
-    } else {
-      $this->_endSection();
-    }
-  }
-}
diff --git a/php/src/output/std/StdOutput.php b/php/src/output/std/StdOutput.php
index c30c466..945b9b3 100644
--- a/php/src/output/std/StdOutput.php
+++ b/php/src/output/std/StdOutput.php
@@ -79,12 +79,12 @@ class StdOutput {
   }
 
   function resetParams(?array $params=null): void {
-    $output = cl::get($params, "output");
+    $output = $params["output"] ?? null;
     $maskErrors = null;
-    $color = cl::get($params, "color");
-    $filterTags = cl::get($params, "filter_tags");
-    $indent = cl::get($params, "indent");
-    $flush = cl::get($params, "flush");
+    $color = $params["color"] ?? null;
+    $filterTags = $params["filter_tags"] ?? null;
+    $indent = $params["indent"] ?? null;
+    $flush = $params["flush"] ?? null;
 
     if ($output instanceof Stream) $output = $output->getResource();
     if ($output !== null) {
@@ -105,14 +105,14 @@ class StdOutput {
           else $message = "$output: open error";
           throw new Exception($message);
         }
-        if ($flush === null) $flush = true;
+        $flush ??= true;
       } else {
         $outf = $output;
       }
       $this->outf = $outf;
       $this->maskErrors = $maskErrors;
-      if ($color === null) $color = stream_isatty($outf);
-      if ($flush === null) $flush = false;
+      $color ??= stream_isatty($outf);
+      $flush ??= false;
     }
     if ($color !== null) $this->color = boolval($color);
     if ($filterTags !== null) $this->filterTags = boolval($filterTags);
@@ -124,23 +124,23 @@ class StdOutput {
   protected $outf;
 
   /** @var bool faut-il masquer les erreurs d'écriture? */
-  protected $maskErrors;
+  protected ?bool $maskErrors;
 
   /** @var bool faut-il autoriser la sortie en couleur? */
-  protected $color;
+  protected bool $color = false;
 
   function isColor(): bool {
     return $this->color;
   }
 
   /** @var bool faut-il enlever les tags dans la sortie? */
-  protected $filterTags;
+  protected bool $filterTags = true;
 
   /** @var string indentation unitaire */
-  protected $indent;
+  protected string $indent = "  ";
 
   /** @var bool faut-il flush le fichier après l'écriture de chaque ligne */
-  protected $flush;
+  protected bool $flush = true;
 
   function isatty(): bool {
     return stream_isatty($this->outf);
@@ -167,6 +167,7 @@ class StdOutput {
     $text .= "m";
     return $text;
   }
+
   function filterContent(string $text): string {
     # couleur au début
     $text = preg_replace_callback('/<color([^>]*)>/', [self::class, "replace_colors"], $text);
@@ -178,6 +179,7 @@ class StdOutput {
     }
     return $text;
   }
+
   function filterColors(string $text): string {
     return preg_replace('/\x1B\[.*?m/', "", $text);
   }
diff --git a/php/src/output/std/_IMessenger.php b/php/src/output/std/_IMessenger.php
index 9b54b59..ed1c70f 100644
--- a/php/src/output/std/_IMessenger.php
+++ b/php/src/output/std/_IMessenger.php
@@ -7,13 +7,84 @@ use nulib\output\IMessenger;
  * Interface _IMessenger: méthodes privées de IMessenger
  */
 interface _IMessenger extends IMessenger {
+  const INDENT = "  ";
+
+  const DATE_FORMAT = 'Y-m-d\TH:i:s.u';
+
+  const VALID_LEVELS = [self::DEBUG, self::MINOR, self::NORMAL, self::MAJOR, self::NONE];
+
+  const LEVEL_MAP = [
+    "debug" => self::DEBUG,
+    "minor" => self::MINOR, "verbose" => self::MINOR,
+    "normal" => self::NORMAL,
+    "major" => self::MAJOR, "quiet" => self::MAJOR,
+    "none" => self::NONE, "silent" => self::NONE,
+  ];
+
+  const GENERIC_PREFIXES = [
+    self::MAJOR => [
+      "section" => [true, "SECTION!", "===", "<color @b>=", "=</color>", "==="],
+      "title" => [false, "TITLE!", null, "<color @b>T", "</color>", "==="],
+      "desc" => ["DESC!", "<color @b>></color>", ""],
+      "error" => ["CRIT.ERROR!", "<color @r>E!", "</color>"],
+      "warning" => ["CRIT.WARNING!", "<color @y>W!", "</color>"],
+      "note" => ["ATTENTION!", "<color @g>N!", "</color>"],
+      "info" => ["IMPORTANT!", "<color @b>N!", "</color>"],
+      "step" => ["*", "<color @w>.</color>", ""],
+      "print" => [null, null, null],
+    ],
+    self::NORMAL => [
+      "section" => [true, "SECTION:", "---", "<color @b>-", "-</color>", "---"],
+      "title" => [false, "TITLE:", null, "<color @b>T</color><color b>", "</color>", "---"],
+      "desc" => ["DESC:", "<color @b>></color>", ""],
+      "error" => ["ERROR:", "<color @r>E</color><color r>", "</color>"],
+      "warning" => ["WARNING:", "<color @y>W</color><color y>", "</color>"],
+      "note" => ["NOTE:", "<color @g>N</color>", ""],
+      "info" => ["INFO:", "<color @b>I</color>", ""],
+      "step" => ["*", "<color @w>.</color>", ""],
+      "print" => [null, null, null],
+    ],
+    self::MINOR => [
+      "section" => [true, "section", null, "<color @w>>>", "<<</color>", null],
+      "title" => [false, "title", null, "<color b>t", "</color>", null],
+      "desc" => ["desc", "<color b>></color>", ""],
+      "error" => ["error", "<color r>E</color><color -r>", "</color>"],
+      "warning" => ["warning", "<color y>W</color><color -y>", "</color>"],
+      "note" => ["note", "<color g>N</color>", ""],
+      "info" => ["info", "<color b>I</color><color w>", "</color>"],
+      "step" => ["*", "<color w>.</color>", ""],
+      "print" => [null, null, null],
+    ],
+    self::DEBUG => [
+      "section" => [true, "section", null, "<color @w>>>", "<<</color>", null],
+      "title" => [false, "title", null, "<color b>t", "</color>", null],
+      "desc" => ["desc", "<color b>></color>", ""],
+      "error" => ["debugE", "<color r>e</color><color -r>", "</color>"],
+      "warning" => ["debugW", "<color y>w</color><color -y>", "</color>"],
+      "note" => ["debugN", "<color b>i</color>", ""],
+      "info" => ["debug", "<color @w>D</color><color w>", "</color>"],
+      "step" => ["*", "<color w>.</color>", ""],
+      "print" => [null, null, null],
+    ],
+  ];
+
+  const RESULT_PREFIXES = [
+    "failure" => ["(FAILURE)", "<color r>✘</color>"],
+    "success" => ["(SUCCESS)", "<color @g>✔</color>"],
+    "done" => [null, null],
+  ];
+
   function _endSection(): void;
 
   function _getTitleMark(): int;
 
+  function _getTitleId(): ?int;
+
   function _endTitle(?int $until=null): void;
 
   function _getActionMark(): int;
 
+  function _getActionId(): ?int;
+
   function _endAction(?int $until=null): void;
 }
diff --git a/php/src/output/web.php b/php/src/output/web.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3b6e4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/php/src/output/web.php
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<?php
+namespace nulib\output;
+
+/**
+ * Class web: afficher un message à l'utilisateur en HTML
+ *
+ * Cette classe est utilisable directement sans initialisation préalable.
+ */
+class web extends _messenger {
+  use _TMessenger;
+
+  static function get(): IMessenger {
+    return static::$msg ??= new WebMessenger();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/php/src/php/time/Elapsed.php b/php/src/php/time/Elapsed.php
index 8bd2f8d..1d3f49a 100644
--- a/php/src/php/time/Elapsed.php
+++ b/php/src/php/time/Elapsed.php
@@ -125,19 +125,19 @@ class Elapsed {
     $d = intdiv($rs, $oneDay);
     return self::format_generic($prefix, $d, 0, 0);
   }
-  
+
   static function format_at(DateTimeInterface $start, ?DateTimeInterface $now=null, ?int $resolution=null): string {
     $now ??= new DateTime();
     $seconds = $now->getTimestamp() - $start->getTimestamp();
     return (new self($seconds, $resolution))->formatAt();
   }
-  
+
   static function format_since(DateTimeInterface $start, ?DateTimeInterface $now=null, ?int $resolution=null): string {
     $now ??= new DateTime();
     $seconds = $now->getTimestamp() - $start->getTimestamp();
     return (new self($seconds, $resolution))->formatSince();
   }
-  
+
   static function format_delay(DateTimeInterface $start, ?DateTimeInterface $now=null, ?int $resolution=null): string {
     $now ??= new DateTime();
     $seconds = $now->getTimestamp() - $start->getTimestamp();
diff --git a/php/src/str.php b/php/src/str.php
index c330b37..0614ad1 100644
--- a/php/src/str.php
+++ b/php/src/str.php
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ class str {
     if ($s === null) return null;
     else return ucfirst($s);
   }
-  
+
   static final function upperw(?string $s, ?string $delimiters=null): ?string {
     if ($s === null) return null;
     if ($delimiters !== null) return ucwords($s, $delimiters);
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ class str {
     } elseif (preg_match(self::CAMEL_PATTERN2, $camel, $ms, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE)) {
       # préfixe en minuscule
     } else {
-      throw exceptions::invalid_type($camel, $kind, "camel string");
+      throw exceptions::invalid_value($camel, "camel string");
     }
     $parts[] = strtolower($ms[1][0]);
     $index = intval($ms[1][1]) + strlen($ms[1][0]);
diff --git a/php/src/txt.php b/php/src/txt.php
index 2c5ef53..68a2794 100644
--- a/php/src/txt.php
+++ b/php/src/txt.php
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ class txt {
     if ($s === null) return null;
     return mb_strtoupper(mb_substr($s, 0, 1)).mb_substr($s, 1);
   }
-  
+
   static final function upperw(?string $s, ?string $delimiters=null): ?string {
     if ($s === null) return null;
     if ($delimiters === null) $delimiters = " _-\t\r\n\f\v";
diff --git a/php/tbin/.gitignore b/php/tbin/.gitignore
index c44eb09..4e0bb30 100644
--- a/php/tbin/.gitignore
+++ b/php/tbin/.gitignore
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 /*.db
 /*.cache
+/*.log
diff --git a/php/tbin/test-console.php b/php/tbin/test-console.php
deleted file mode 100755
index bc50074..0000000
--- a/php/tbin/test-console.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,278 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/php
-<?php
-require(__DIR__.'/../vendor/autoload.php');
-
-use nulib\output\std\StdMessenger;
-use nulib\UserException;
-
-$params = [];
-$count = count($argv) - 1;
-for ($i = 1; $i <= $count; $i++) {
-  switch ($argv[$i]) {
-  case "-L": $i++; $params["output"] = $argv[$i]; break;
-  case "-i": $i++; $params["id"] = $argv[$i]; break;
-  case "-t": $params["add_date"] = true; break;
-  case "-n": $params["color"] = false; break;
-  case "+n": $params["color"] = true; break;
-  case "-d": $params["debug"] = true; break;
-  case "+d": $params["debug"] = false; break;
-  case "-D": $params["default_level"] = "debug"; break;
-  case "-m": $params["default_level"] = "minor"; break;
-  case "-M": $params["default_level"] = "major"; break;
-  case "--show-debug":
-  case "--sd": $params["min_level"] = "debug"; break;
-  case "--show-minor":
-  case "--verbose":
-  case "--sm": $params["min_level"] = "minor"; break;
-  case "--show-normal":
-  case "--sn": $params["min_level"] = "normal"; break;
-  case "--show-major":
-  case "--quiet":
-  case "--sM": $params["min_level"] = "major"; break;
-  case "--show-none":
-  case "--silent":
-  case "--sx": $params["min_level"] = "none"; break;
-  }
-}
-$msg = new StdMessenger($params);
-
-$msg->title("title0");
-$msg->title("title1");
-$msg->print("print under title1");
-$msg->end();
-$msg->print("print under title0");
-$msg->end();
-
-$msg->desc("action avec step");
-$msg->action("action avec step");
-$msg->step("step");
-$msg->asuccess("action success");
-
-$msg->action("action avec step");
-$msg->step("step");
-$msg->afailure("action failure");
-
-$msg->action("action avec step");
-$msg->step("step");
-$msg->adone("action neutral");
-
-$msg->desc("actions sans step");
-$msg->action("action sans step");
-$msg->asuccess("action success");
-
-$msg->action("action sans step");
-$msg->afailure("action failure");
-
-$msg->action("action sans step");
-$msg->adone("action neutral");
-
-$msg->desc("actions imbriquées");
-$msg->action("action0");
-$msg->action("action1");
-$msg->action("action2");
-$msg->asuccess("action2 success");
-$msg->asuccess("action1 success");
-$msg->asuccess("action0 success");
-
-$msg->desc("action avec step, sans messages");
-$msg->action("action avec step, sans messages, success");
-$msg->step("step");
-$msg->asuccess();
-
-$msg->action("action avec step, sans messages, failure");
-$msg->step("step");
-$msg->afailure();
-
-$msg->action("action avec step, sans messages, done");
-$msg->step("step");
-$msg->adone();
-
-$msg->desc("action sans step, sans messages");
-$msg->action("action sans step, sans messages, success");
-$msg->asuccess();
-
-$msg->action("action sans step, sans messages, failure");
-$msg->afailure();
-
-$msg->action("action sans step, sans messages, done");
-$msg->adone();
-
-$msg->desc("actions imbriquées, sans messages");
-$msg->action("action0");
-$msg->action("action1");
-$msg->action("action2");
-$msg->asuccess();
-$msg->asuccess();
-$msg->asuccess();
-
-$msg->info("info");
-$msg->note("note");
-$msg->warning("warning");
-$msg->error("error");
-
-$msg->section("section", function ($msg) {
-  $msg->title("title", function ($msg) {
-    $msg->desc("desc");
-    $msg->print("print");
-
-    $msg->desc("action avec step");
-    $msg->action("action avec step", function ($msg) {
-      $msg->step("step");
-      $msg->asuccess("action success");
-    });
-
-    $msg->action("action avec step", function ($msg) {
-      $msg->step("step");
-      $msg->afailure("action failure");
-    });
-
-    $msg->action("action avec step", function ($msg) {
-      $msg->step("step");
-      $msg->adone("action done");
-    });
-
-    $msg->desc("actions sans step");
-    $msg->action("action sans step", function ($msg) {
-      $msg->asuccess("action success");
-    });
-
-    $msg->action("action sans step", function ($msg) {
-      $msg->afailure("action failure");
-    });
-
-    $msg->action("action sans step", function ($msg) {
-      $msg->adone("action done");
-    });
-
-    $msg->desc("actions imbriquées");
-    $msg->action("action0", function ($msg) {
-      $msg->action("action1", function ($msg) {
-        $msg->action("action2", function ($msg) {
-          $msg->asuccess("action2 success");
-        });
-        $msg->asuccess("action1 success");
-      });
-      $msg->asuccess("action0 success");
-    });
-
-    $msg->desc("action avec step, sans messages");
-    $msg->action("action avec step, sans messages, success", function ($msg) {
-      $msg->step("step");
-      $msg->asuccess();
-    });
-
-    $msg->action("action avec step, sans messages, failure", function ($msg) {
-      $msg->step("step");
-      $msg->afailure();
-    });
-
-    $msg->action("action avec step, sans messages, done", function ($msg) {
-      $msg->step("step");
-      $msg->adone();
-    });
-
-    $msg->desc("action sans step, sans messages");
-    $msg->action("action sans step, sans messages, success", function ($msg) {
-      $msg->asuccess();
-    });
-
-    $msg->action("action sans step, sans messages, failure", function ($msg) {
-      $msg->afailure();
-    });
-
-    $msg->action("action sans step, sans messages, done", function ($msg) {
-      $msg->adone();
-    });
-
-    $msg->desc("actions imbriquées, sans messages");
-    $msg->action("action0", function ($msg) {
-      $msg->action("action1", function ($msg) {
-        $msg->action("action2", function ($msg) {
-          $msg->asuccess();
-        });
-        $msg->asuccess();
-      });
-      $msg->asuccess();
-    });
-
-    $msg->desc("action avec step, avec code de retour");
-    $msg->action("action avec step, avec code de retour true", function ($msg) {
-      $msg->step("step");
-      return true;
-    });
-
-    $msg->action("action avec step, avec code de retour false", function ($msg) {
-      $msg->step("step");
-      return false;
-    });
-
-    $msg->action("action avec step, avec code de retour autre", function ($msg) {
-      $msg->step("step");
-      return "autre";
-    });
-
-    $msg->action("action avec step, avec code de retour null", function ($msg) {
-      $msg->step("step");
-    });
-
-    $msg->desc("action sans step, avec code de retour");
-    $msg->action("action sans step, avec code de retour true", function ($msg) {
-      return true;
-    });
-
-    $msg->action("action sans step, avec code de retour false", function ($msg) {
-      return false;
-    });
-
-    $msg->action("action sans step, avec code de retour autre", function ($msg) {
-      return "autre";
-    });
-
-    # ici, il n'y aura pas de message du tout
-    $msg->action("action sans step, avec code de retour null", function ($msg) {
-    });
-
-    $msg->info("info");
-    $msg->note("note");
-    $msg->warning("warning");
-    $msg->error("error");
-  });
-});
-
-$msg->section("multi-line\nsection", function ($msg) {
-  $msg->title("multi-line\ntitle");
-  $msg->title("another\ntitle");
-
-  $msg->print("multi-line\nprint");
-  $msg->info("multi-line\ninfo");
-  $msg->action("multi-line\naction");
-  $msg->asuccess();
-  $msg->action("multi-line\naction");
-  $msg->step("multi-line\nstep");
-  $msg->afailure();
-  $msg->action("multi-line\naction");
-  $msg->step("multi-line\nstep");
-  $msg->asuccess("multi-line\nsuccess");
-  $msg->action("multi-line\naction");
-  $msg->step("multi-line\nstep");
-  $msg->adone("multi-line\ndone");
-
-  $msg->end();
-  $msg->end();
-});
-
-$msg->section("Exceptions", function ($msg) {
-  $e = new Exception("message");
-  $u1 = new UserException("userMessage");
-  $u2 = new UserException("userMessage", "techMessage");
-  $msg->title("avec message", function ($msg) use ($e, $u1, $u2) {
-    $msg->info(["exception", $e]);
-    $msg->info(["userException1", $u1]);
-    $msg->info(["userException2", $u2]);
-  });
-  $msg->title("sans message", function ($msg) use ($e, $u1, $u2) {
-    $msg->info($e);
-    $msg->info($u1);
-    $msg->info($u2);
-  });
-});
diff --git a/php/tbin/test-mysql.php b/php/tbin/test-mysql.php
index e2eb555..043d924 100644
--- a/php/tbin/test-mysql.php
+++ b/php/tbin/test-mysql.php
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ use nulib\db\CapacitorChannel;
 use nulib\db\mysql\Mysql;
 use nulib\db\mysql\MysqlStorage;
 use nulib\output\msg;
-use nulib\output\std\StdMessenger;
+use nulib\output\std\ConsoleMessenger;
 
-msg::set_messenger_class(StdMessenger::class);
+msg::set_messenger_class(ConsoleMessenger::class);
 
 $db = new Mysql([
   "type" => "mysql",
diff --git a/php/tbin/test-output-forever.php b/php/tbin/test-output-forever.php
index 42d014d..6bee7b2 100755
--- a/php/tbin/test-output-forever.php
+++ b/php/tbin/test-output-forever.php
@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
 require(__DIR__.'/../vendor/autoload.php');
 
 use nulib\UserException;
-use nulib\output\std\StdMessenger;
+use nulib\output\std\ConsoleMessenger;
 use nulib\output\msg;
 
-msg::set_messenger(new StdMessenger(), new StdMessenger([
+msg::set_messenger(new ConsoleMessenger(), new ConsoleMessenger([
   "output" => "output-forever.log",
 ]));
 
diff --git a/php/tbin/test-output.php b/php/tbin/test-output.php
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..78aa8d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/php/tbin/test-output.php
@@ -0,0 +1,458 @@
+#!/usr/bin/php
+<?php
+require(__DIR__.'/../vendor/autoload.php');
+
+use nulib\output\IMessenger;
+use nulib\output\std\ConsoleMessenger;
+use nulib\output\std\LogMessenger;
+use nulib\UserException;
+
+$class = ConsoleMessenger::class;
+$params = [];
+$count = count($argv) - 1;
+for ($i = 1; $i <= $count; $i++) {
+  switch ($argv[$i]) {
+  case "--console": $class = ConsoleMessenger::class; break;
+  case "--log": $class = LogMessenger::class; break;
+  case "--id": $i++; $params["id"] = $argv[$i]; break;
+  case "-L": $i++; $params["output"] = $argv[$i]; break;
+  case "-i": $i++; $params["id"] = $argv[$i]; break;
+  case "--show-ids": $params["show_ids"] = true; break;
+  case "-t": $params["add_date"] = true; break;
+  case "-n": $params["color"] = false; break;
+  case "+n": $params["color"] = true; break;
+  case "-d": $params["debug"] = true; break;
+  case "+d": $params["debug"] = false; break;
+  case "-D": $params["default_level"] = "debug"; break;
+  case "-m": $params["default_level"] = "minor"; break;
+  case "-M": $params["default_level"] = "major"; break;
+  case "--show-debug":
+  case "--sd": $params["min_level"] = "debug"; break;
+  case "--show-minor":
+  case "--verbose":
+  case "--sm": $params["min_level"] = "minor"; break;
+  case "--show-normal":
+  case "--sn": $params["min_level"] = "normal"; break;
+  case "--show-major":
+  case "--quiet":
+  case "--sM": $params["min_level"] = "major"; break;
+  case "--show-none":
+  case "--silent":
+  case "--sx": $params["min_level"] = "none"; break;
+  }
+}
+$msg = new $class($params);
+
+###############################################################################
+
+$delay = 1;
+$titles = 0;
+$maxTitleLevel = 0;
+$actions = 0;
+$maxActionLevel = 0;
+$levels = 0;
+$complete = 0;
+$multilines = 0;
+$exceptions = 0;
+
+if ($delay) {
+  echo date("Y-m-d\\TH:i:s.u")."\n";
+  $msg->title("title");
+  sleep(5);
+  $msg->info("info");
+  sleep(5);
+  $msg->info("info");
+  $msg->end();
+
+  echo date("Y-m-d\\TH:i:s.u")."\n";
+  $msg->action("action");
+  sleep(5);
+  $msg->info("info");
+  sleep(5);
+  $msg->info("info");
+  $msg->adone();
+
+  echo date("Y-m-d\\TH:i:s.u")."\n";
+  $msg->action("action");
+  sleep(5);
+  $msg->asuccess();
+
+  echo date("Y-m-d\\TH:i:s.u")."\n";
+  $msg->action("action");
+  $msg->asuccess("plouf1");
+
+  echo date("Y-m-d\\TH:i:s.u")."\n";
+  $msg->action("action");
+  sleep(5);
+  $msg->asuccess("plouf2");
+}
+
+if ($titles) {
+  $msg->title("title0");
+  $msg->desc("desc0");
+  $msg->title("title1");
+  $msg->desc("desc1");
+  $msg->print("print under title1");
+  $msg->end();
+  $msg->print("print under title0");
+  $msg->end();
+  $msg->print("print out of title");
+}
+
+if ($maxTitleLevel) {
+  $msg->info("test maxTitleLevel");
+  $msg->title("1first", function(IMessenger $msg) {
+    $msg->info("1one");
+    $msg->end();
+    $msg->info("1two");
+    $msg->end();
+    $msg->info("1three");
+  });
+  $msg->info("0one");
+  $msg->end();
+  $msg->info("0two");
+  $msg->end();
+  $msg->info("0three");
+
+  $msg->title("2first", function(IMessenger $msg) {
+    $msg->title("3second", function(IMessenger $msg) {
+      $msg->title("4third", function(IMessenger $msg) {
+        $msg->info("4one");
+        $msg->end();
+        $msg->info("4two");
+        $msg->end();
+        $msg->info("4three");
+      });
+      $msg->info("3four");
+      $msg->end();
+      $msg->info("3five");
+      $msg->end();
+      $msg->info("3six");
+    });
+    $msg->info("2seven");
+    $msg->end();
+    $msg->info("2eight");
+    $msg->end();
+    $msg->info("2nine");
+  });
+  $msg->info("1one");
+  $msg->end();
+  $msg->info("1two");
+  $msg->end();
+  $msg->info("1three");
+}
+
+if ($actions) {
+  $msg->desc("action avec step");
+  $msg->action("action avec step");
+  $msg->step("step");
+  $msg->asuccess("action success");
+
+  $msg->action("action avec step");
+  $msg->step("step");
+  $msg->afailure("action failure");
+
+  $msg->action("action avec step");
+  $msg->step("step");
+  $msg->adone("action neutral");
+
+  $msg->desc("actions sans step");
+  $msg->action("action sans step");
+  $msg->asuccess("action success");
+
+  $msg->action("action sans step");
+  $msg->afailure("action failure");
+
+  $msg->action("action sans step");
+  $msg->adone("action neutral");
+
+  $msg->desc("actions imbriquées");
+  $msg->action("action0");
+  $msg->action("action1");
+  $msg->action("action2");
+  $msg->asuccess("action2 success");
+  $msg->asuccess("action1 success");
+  $msg->asuccess("action0 success");
+
+  $msg->desc("action avec step, sans messages");
+  $msg->action("action avec step, sans messages, success");
+  $msg->step("step");
+  $msg->asuccess();
+
+  $msg->action("action avec step, sans messages, failure");
+  $msg->step("step");
+  $msg->afailure();
+
+  $msg->action("action avec step, sans messages, done");
+  $msg->step("step");
+  $msg->adone();
+
+  $msg->desc("action sans step, sans messages");
+  $msg->action("action sans step, sans messages, success");
+  $msg->asuccess();
+
+  $msg->action("action sans step, sans messages, failure");
+  $msg->afailure();
+
+  $msg->action("action sans step, sans messages, done");
+  $msg->adone();
+
+  $msg->desc("actions imbriquées, sans messages");
+  $msg->action("action0");
+  $msg->action("action1");
+  $msg->action("action2");
+  $msg->asuccess();
+  $msg->asuccess();
+  $msg->asuccess();
+}
+
+if ($maxActionLevel) {
+  $msg->info("test maxActionLevel");
+  $msg->action("first1", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+    $msg->info("one");
+    $msg->end();
+    $msg->info("two");
+    $msg->end();
+    $msg->info("three");
+  });
+  $msg->action("first2", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+    $msg->info("one");
+    $msg->adone();
+    $msg->info("two");
+    $msg->adone();
+    $msg->info("three");
+  });
+  $msg->action("first3", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+    $msg->action("second", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+      $msg->action("third", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+        $msg->info("one");
+        $msg->end();
+        $msg->info("two");
+        $msg->end();
+        $msg->info("three");
+      });
+      $msg->info("four");
+      $msg->end();
+      $msg->info("five");
+      $msg->end();
+      $msg->info("six");
+    });
+    $msg->info("seven");
+    $msg->end();
+    $msg->info("eight");
+    $msg->end();
+    $msg->info("nine");
+  });
+  $msg->info("ten");
+  $msg->end();
+  $msg->info("eleven");
+  $msg->end();
+  $msg->info("twelve");
+
+  $msg->action("first4", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+    $msg->action("second", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+      $msg->action("third", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+        $msg->info("one");
+        $msg->adone();
+        $msg->info("two");
+        $msg->adone();
+        $msg->info("three");
+      });
+      $msg->info("four");
+      $msg->adone();
+      $msg->info("five");
+      $msg->adone();
+      $msg->info("six");
+    });
+    $msg->info("seven");
+    $msg->adone();
+    $msg->info("eight");
+    $msg->adone();
+    $msg->info("nine");
+  });
+  $msg->info("ten");
+  $msg->adone();
+  $msg->info("eleven");
+  $msg->adone();
+  $msg->info("twelve");
+}
+
+if ($levels) {
+  $msg->info("info");
+  $msg->note("note");
+  $msg->warning("warning");
+  $msg->error("error");
+}
+
+if ($complete) {
+  $msg->section("section", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+    $msg->title("title", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+      $msg->desc("desc");
+      $msg->print("print");
+
+      $msg->desc("action avec step");
+      $msg->action("action avec step", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+        $msg->step("step");
+        $msg->asuccess("action success");
+      });
+
+      $msg->action("action avec step", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+        $msg->step("step");
+        $msg->afailure("action failure");
+      });
+
+      $msg->action("action avec step", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+        $msg->step("step");
+        $msg->adone("action done");
+      });
+
+      $msg->desc("actions sans step");
+      $msg->action("action sans step", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+        $msg->asuccess("action success");
+      });
+
+      $msg->action("action sans step", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+        $msg->afailure("action failure");
+      });
+
+      $msg->action("action sans step", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+        $msg->adone("action done");
+      });
+
+      $msg->desc("actions imbriquées");
+      $msg->action("action0", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+        $msg->action("action1", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+          $msg->action("action2", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+            $msg->asuccess("action2 success");
+          });
+          $msg->asuccess("action1 success");
+        });
+        $msg->asuccess("action0 success");
+      });
+
+      $msg->desc("action avec step, sans messages");
+      $msg->action("action avec step, sans messages, success", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+        $msg->step("step");
+        $msg->asuccess();
+      });
+
+      $msg->action("action avec step, sans messages, failure", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+        $msg->step("step");
+        $msg->afailure();
+      });
+
+      $msg->action("action avec step, sans messages, done", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+        $msg->step("step");
+        $msg->adone();
+      });
+
+      $msg->desc("action sans step, sans messages");
+      $msg->action("action sans step, sans messages, success", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+        $msg->asuccess();
+      });
+
+      $msg->action("action sans step, sans messages, failure", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+        $msg->afailure();
+      });
+
+      $msg->action("action sans step, sans messages, done", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+        $msg->adone();
+      });
+
+      $msg->desc("actions imbriquées, sans messages");
+      $msg->action("action0", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+        $msg->action("action1", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+          $msg->action("action2", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+            $msg->asuccess();
+          });
+          $msg->asuccess();
+        });
+        $msg->asuccess();
+      });
+
+      $msg->desc("action avec step, avec code de retour");
+      $msg->action("action avec step, avec code de retour true", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+        $msg->step("step");
+        return true;
+      });
+
+      $msg->action("action avec step, avec code de retour false", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+        $msg->step("step");
+        return false;
+      });
+
+      $msg->action("action avec step, avec code de retour autre", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+        $msg->step("step");
+        return "autre";
+      });
+
+      $msg->action("action avec step, avec code de retour null", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+        $msg->step("step");
+      });
+
+      $msg->desc("action sans step, avec code de retour");
+      $msg->action("action sans step, avec code de retour true", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+        return true;
+      });
+
+      $msg->action("action sans step, avec code de retour false", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+        return false;
+      });
+
+      $msg->action("action sans step, avec code de retour autre", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+        return "autre";
+      });
+
+      # ici, il n'y aura pas de message du tout
+      $msg->action("action sans step, avec code de retour null", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+      });
+
+      $msg->info("info");
+      $msg->note("note");
+      $msg->warning("warning");
+      $msg->error("error");
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+if ($multilines) {
+  $msg->section("multi-line\nsection", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+    $msg->title("multi-line\ntitle");
+    $msg->title("another\ntitle");
+
+    $msg->print("multi-line\nprint");
+    $msg->info("multi-line\ninfo");
+    $msg->action("multi-line\naction");
+    $msg->asuccess();
+    $msg->action("multi-line\naction");
+    $msg->step("multi-line\nstep");
+    $msg->afailure();
+    $msg->action("multi-line\naction");
+    $msg->step("multi-line\nstep");
+    $msg->asuccess("multi-line\nsuccess");
+    $msg->action("multi-line\naction");
+    $msg->step("multi-line\nstep");
+    $msg->adone("multi-line\ndone");
+
+    $msg->end();
+    $msg->end();
+  });
+}
+
+if ($exceptions) {
+  $msg->section("Exceptions", function (IMessenger $msg) {
+    $e = new Exception("message");
+    $u1 = new UserException("userMessage");
+    $u2 = (new UserException("userMessage"))->setTechMessage("techMessage");
+    $msg->title("avec message", function (IMessenger $msg) use ($e, $u1, $u2) {
+      $msg->info(["exception", $e]);
+      $msg->info(["userException1", $u1]);
+      $msg->info(["userException2", $u2]);
+    });
+    $msg->title("sans message", function (IMessenger $msg) use ($e, $u1, $u2) {
+      $msg->info($e);
+      $msg->info($u1);
+      $msg->info($u2);
+    });
+  });
+}
diff --git a/php/tests/cache/_TestCase.php b/php/tests/cache/_TestCase.php
index f05875c..a8bfa11 100644
--- a/php/tests/cache/_TestCase.php
+++ b/php/tests/cache/_TestCase.php
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ namespace nulib\cache;
 
 use nulib\db\sqlite\SqliteStorage;
 use nulib\output\msg;
-use nulib\output\std\StdMessenger;
+use nulib\output\std\ConsoleMessenger;
 use nulib\tests\TestCase;
 
 class _TestCase extends TestCase {
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class _TestCase extends TestCase {
 
   static function setUpBeforeClass(): void {
     parent::setUpBeforeClass();
-    msg::set_messenger_class(StdMessenger::class);
+    msg::set_messenger_class(ConsoleMessenger::class);
     self::$storage = new SqliteStorage(__DIR__."/cache.db");
     cache::set_storage(self::$storage);
   }
diff --git a/php/tests/cache/cacheTest.php b/php/tests/cache/cacheTest.php
index 7c31f37..b8d8c55 100644
--- a/php/tests/cache/cacheTest.php
+++ b/php/tests/cache/cacheTest.php
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class cacheTest extends _TestCase {
     }
     self::assertSame($expectedCount, $count);
   }
-  
+
   function _testGet(string $dataId, int $expectedCount, callable $gencompute) {
     msg::section($dataId);
     cache::nc(true, true);
diff --git a/php/tests/db/sqlite/ChannelMigrationTest.php b/php/tests/db/sqlite/ChannelMigrationTest.php
index fa48e7c..30a80f4 100644
--- a/php/tests/db/sqlite/ChannelMigrationTest.php
+++ b/php/tests/db/sqlite/ChannelMigrationTest.php
@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@ use nulib\db\sqlite\impl\MyChannelV2;
 use nulib\db\sqlite\impl\MyChannelV3;
 use nulib\db\sqlite\impl\MyIndexChannel;
 use nulib\output\msg;
-use nulib\output\std\StdMessenger;
+use nulib\output\std\ConsoleMessenger;
 use nulib\php\time\DateTime;
 use nulib\tests\TestCase;
 
 class ChannelMigrationTest extends TestCase {
   static function setUpBeforeClass(): void {
     parent::setUpBeforeClass();
-    msg::set_messenger_class(StdMessenger::class);
+    msg::set_messenger_class(ConsoleMessenger::class);
   }
 
   protected function addData(MyChannel $channel, array $data): void {
diff --git a/php/tests/php/funcTest.php b/php/tests/php/funcTest.php
index 371cc35..b942beb 100644
--- a/php/tests/php/funcTest.php
+++ b/php/tests/php/funcTest.php
@@ -1016,7 +1016,7 @@ namespace nulib\php {
       $i1 = $func->invoke([1, 2]);
       self::assertInstanceOf(C1::class, $i1); self::assertSame(1, $i1->base);
     }
-    
+
     private static function invoke_asserts(): array {
       $inv_ok = function($func) {
         return func::with($func)->invoke();