diff --git a/php/src/cl.php b/php/src/cl.php
index 2397fe9..c0e64e8 100644
--- a/php/src/cl.php
+++ b/php/src/cl.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 namespace nulib;
 
 use ArrayAccess;
+use nulib\php\func;
 use nulib\php\nur_func;
 use Traversable;
 
@@ -348,12 +349,12 @@ class cl {
 
   #############################################################################
 
-  static final function map(callable $callback, ?iterable $array): array {
+  static final function map($func, ?iterable $array): array {
     $result = [];
     if ($array !== null) {
-      $ctx = nur_func::_prepare($callback);
+      $func = func::with($func);
       foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
-        $result[$key] = nur_func::_call($ctx, [$value, $key]);
+        $result[$key] = $func->invoke([$value, $key]);
       }
     }
     return $result;
diff --git a/php/src/db/Capacitor.php b/php/src/db/Capacitor.php
index 90c3c9b..70c6f46 100644
--- a/php/src/db/Capacitor.php
+++ b/php/src/db/Capacitor.php
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <?php
 namespace nulib\db;
 
-use nulib\php\nur_func;
+use nulib\php\func;
 use nulib\ValueException;
 use Traversable;
 
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class Capacitor implements ITransactor {
     if ($func !== null) {
       $commited = false;
       try {
-        nur_func::call($func, $this);
+        func::call($func, $this);
         if ($commit) {
           $this->commit();
           $commited = true;
diff --git a/php/src/db/CapacitorStorage.php b/php/src/db/CapacitorStorage.php
index ec27fae..c5cf345 100644
--- a/php/src/db/CapacitorStorage.php
+++ b/php/src/db/CapacitorStorage.php
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ namespace nulib\db;
 
 use nulib\cl;
 use nulib\db\cache\cache;
-use nulib\php\nur_func;
+use nulib\php\func;
 use nulib\ValueException;
 use Traversable;
 
@@ -230,10 +230,7 @@ EOT;
     $db = $this->db();
     $args ??= [];
 
-    $initFunc = [$channel, "getItemValues"];
-    $initArgs = $args;
-    nur_func::ensure_func($initFunc, null, $initArgs);
-    $values = nur_func::call($initFunc, $item, ...$initArgs);
+    $values = func::call([$channel, "getItemValues"], $item, ...$args);
     if ($values === [false]) return 0;
 
     $row = cl::merge(
@@ -259,9 +256,7 @@ EOT;
         "modified_" => $now,
       ]);
       $insert = true;
-      $initFunc = [$channel, "onCreate"];
-      $initArgs = $args;
-      nur_func::ensure_func($initFunc, null, $initArgs);
+      $initFunc = func::with([$channel, "onCreate"], $args);
       $values = $this->unserialize($channel, $row);
       $pvalues = null;
     } else {
@@ -276,14 +271,12 @@ EOT;
       } else {
         $row = cl::merge($prow, $row);
       }
-      $initFunc = [$channel, "onUpdate"];
-      $initArgs = $args;
-      nur_func::ensure_func($initFunc, null, $initArgs);
+      $initFunc = func::with([$channel, "onUpdate"], $args);
       $values = $this->unserialize($channel, $row);
       $pvalues = $this->unserialize($channel, $prow);
     }
 
-    $updates = nur_func::call($initFunc, $item, $values, $pvalues, ...$initArgs);
+    $updates = $initFunc->prependArgs(null, [$item, $values, $pvalues])->invoke();
     if ($updates === [false]) return 0;
     if (is_array($updates) && $updates) {
       if ($insert === null) $insert = false;
@@ -295,8 +288,10 @@ EOT;
     }
 
     if ($func !== null) {
-      nur_func::ensure_func($func, $channel, $args);
-      $updates = nur_func::call($func, $item, $values, $pvalues, ...$args);
+      $updates = func::with($func)
+        ->prependArgs(null, [$item, $values, $pvalues])
+        ->bind($channel, true)
+        ->invoke();
       if ($updates === [false]) return 0;
       if (is_array($updates) && $updates) {
         if ($insert === null) $insert = false;
@@ -510,8 +505,7 @@ EOT;
   function _each(CapacitorChannel $channel, $filter, $func, ?array $args, ?array $mergeQuery=null, ?int &$nbUpdated=null): int {
     $this->_create($channel);
     if ($func === null) $func = CapacitorChannel::onEach;
-    nur_func::ensure_func($func, $channel, $args);
-    $onEach = nur_func::_prepare($func);
+    $onEach = func::with($func)->bind($channel, true);
     $db = $this->db();
     # si on est déjà dans une transaction, désactiver la gestion des transactions
     $manageTransactions = $channel->isManageTransactions() && !$db->inTransaction();
@@ -528,7 +522,7 @@ EOT;
       $all = $this->_allCached("each", $channel, $filter, $mergeQuery);
       foreach ($all as $values) {
         $rowIds = $this->getRowIds($channel, $values);
-        $updates = nur_func::_call($onEach, [$values["item"], $values, ...$args]);
+        $updates = $onEach->invoke([$values["item"], $values, ...$args]);
         if (is_array($updates) && $updates) {
           if (!array_key_exists("modified_", $updates)) {
             $updates["modified_"] = date("Y-m-d H:i:s");
@@ -579,8 +573,7 @@ EOT;
   function _delete(CapacitorChannel $channel, $filter, $func, ?array $args): int {
     $this->_create($channel);
     if ($func === null) $func = CapacitorChannel::onDelete;
-    nur_func::ensure_func($func, $channel, $args);
-    $onEach = nur_func::_prepare($func);
+    $onEach = func::with($func)->bind($channel, true);
     $db = $this->db();
     # si on est déjà dans une transaction, désactiver la gestion des transactions
     $manageTransactions = $channel->isManageTransactions() && !$db->inTransaction();
@@ -596,7 +589,7 @@ EOT;
       $all = $this->_allCached("delete", $channel, $filter);
       foreach ($all as $values) {
         $rowIds = $this->getRowIds($channel, $values);
-        $delete = boolval(nur_func::_call($onEach, [$values["item"], $values, ...$args]));
+        $delete = boolval($onEach->invoke([$values["item"], $values, ...$args]));
         if ($delete) {
           $db->exec([
             "delete",
diff --git a/php/src/db/pdo/Pdo.php b/php/src/db/pdo/Pdo.php
index b2b24c9..2fa8bf0 100644
--- a/php/src/db/pdo/Pdo.php
+++ b/php/src/db/pdo/Pdo.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use nulib\cl;
 use nulib\db\_private\Tvalues;
 use nulib\db\IDatabase;
 use nulib\db\ITransactor;
-use nulib\php\nur_func;
+use nulib\php\func;
 use nulib\ValueException;
 
 class Pdo implements IDatabase {
@@ -119,8 +119,7 @@ class Pdo implements IDatabase {
       $dbconn = $this->dbconn;
       $options = $this->options;
       if (is_callable($options)) {
-        nur_func::ensure_func($options, $this, $args);
-        $options = nur_func::call($options, ...$args);
+        $options = func::with($options)->bind($this, true)->invoke();
       }
       $this->db = new \PDO($dbconn["name"], $dbconn["user"], $dbconn["pass"], $options);
       _config::with($this->config)->configure($this);
@@ -191,7 +190,7 @@ class Pdo implements IDatabase {
     if ($func !== null) {
       $commited = false;
       try {
-        nur_func::call($func, $this);
+        func::call($func, $this);
         if ($commit) {
           $this->commit();
           $commited = true;
diff --git a/php/src/db/pdo/_config.php b/php/src/db/pdo/_config.php
index 5055d6f..2cc9c96 100644
--- a/php/src/db/pdo/_config.php
+++ b/php/src/db/pdo/_config.php
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <?php
 namespace nulib\db\pdo;
 
-use nulib\php\nur_func;
+use nulib\php\func;
 
 class _config {
   static function with($configs): self {
@@ -25,11 +25,10 @@ class _config {
 
   function configure(Pdo $pdo): void {
     foreach ($this->configs as $key => $config) {
-      if (is_string($config) && !nur_func::is_method($config)) {
+      if (is_string($config) && !func::is_method($config)) {
         $pdo->exec($config);
       } else {
-        nur_func::ensure_func($config, $this, $args);
-        nur_func::call($config, $pdo, $key, ...$args);
+        func::with($config)->bind($this, true)->invoke([$pdo, $key]);
       }
     }
   }
diff --git a/php/src/db/sqlite/Sqlite.php b/php/src/db/sqlite/Sqlite.php
index cf14dcd..89db30b 100644
--- a/php/src/db/sqlite/Sqlite.php
+++ b/php/src/db/sqlite/Sqlite.php
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use nulib\cl;
 use nulib\db\_private\Tvalues;
 use nulib\db\IDatabase;
 use nulib\db\ITransactor;
-use nulib\php\nur_func;
+use nulib\php\func;
 use nulib\ValueException;
 use SQLite3;
 use SQLite3Result;
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ class Sqlite implements IDatabase {
     if ($func !== null) {
       $commited = false;
       try {
-        nur_func::call($func, $this);
+        func::call($func, $this);
         if ($commit) {
           $this->commit();
           $commited = true;
diff --git a/php/src/db/sqlite/_config.php b/php/src/db/sqlite/_config.php
index ea7553a..bcfe8fb 100644
--- a/php/src/db/sqlite/_config.php
+++ b/php/src/db/sqlite/_config.php
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <?php
 namespace nulib\db\sqlite;
 
-use nulib\php\nur_func;
+use nulib\php\func;
 
 class _config {
   static function with($configs): self {
@@ -25,11 +25,10 @@ class _config {
 
   function configure(Sqlite $sqlite): void {
     foreach ($this->configs as $key => $config) {
-      if (is_string($config) && !nur_func::is_method($config)) {
+      if (is_string($config) && !func::is_method($config)) {
         $sqlite->exec($config);
       } else {
-        nur_func::ensure_func($config, $this, $args);
-        nur_func::call($config, $sqlite, $key, ...$args);
+        func::with($config)->bind($this, true)->invoke([$sqlite, $key]);
       }
     }
   }
diff --git a/php/src/db/sqlite/_migration.php b/php/src/db/sqlite/_migration.php
index d2adf93..b5ee6f4 100644
--- a/php/src/db/sqlite/_migration.php
+++ b/php/src/db/sqlite/_migration.php
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 <?php
 namespace nulib\db\sqlite;
 
+use nulib\php\func;
 use nulib\php\nur_func;
 
 class _migration {
@@ -40,11 +41,10 @@ class _migration {
           "value" => $migration,
           "done" => 0,
         ]);
-        if (is_string($migration) && !nur_func::is_method($migration)) {
+        if (is_string($migration) && !func::is_method($migration)) {
           $sqlite->exec($migration);
         } else {
-          nur_func::ensure_func($migration, $this, $args);
-          nur_func::call($migration, $sqlite, $key, ...$args);
+          func::with($migration)->bind($this, true)->invoke([$sqlite, $key]);
         }
         $sqlite->exec("update _migration set done = 1 where key = :key", [
           "key" => $key,
diff --git a/php/src/file/tab/AbstractBuilder.php b/php/src/file/tab/AbstractBuilder.php
index f1ec869..77d61b7 100644
--- a/php/src/file/tab/AbstractBuilder.php
+++ b/php/src/file/tab/AbstractBuilder.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use DateTimeInterface;
 use nulib\cl;
 use nulib\file\TempStream;
 use nulib\os\path;
+use nulib\php\func;
 use nulib\php\nur_func;
 use nulib\php\time\DateTime;
 use nulib\web\http;
@@ -35,13 +36,8 @@ abstract class AbstractBuilder extends TempStream implements IBuilder {
     $this->rows = $rows;
     $this->index = 0;
     $cookFunc = $params["cook_func"] ?? null;
-    $cookCtx = $cookArgs = null;
-    if ($cookFunc !== null) {
-      nur_func::ensure_func($cookFunc, $this, $cookArgs);
-      $cookCtx = nur_func::_prepare($cookFunc);
-    }
-    $this->cookCtx = $cookCtx;
-    $this->cookArgs = $cookArgs;
+    if ($cookFunc !== null) $cookFunc = func::with($cookFunc)->bind($this, true);
+    $this->cookFunc = $cookFunc;
     $this->output = $params["output"] ?? static::OUTPUT;
     $maxMemory = $params["max_memory"] ?? null;
     $throwOnError = $params["throw_on_error"] ?? null;
@@ -60,9 +56,7 @@ abstract class AbstractBuilder extends TempStream implements IBuilder {
 
   protected ?string $output;
 
-  protected ?array $cookCtx;
-
-  protected ?array $cookArgs;
+  protected ?func $cookFunc;
 
   protected function ensureHeaders(?array $row=null): void {
     if ($this->headers !== null || !$this->useHeaders) return;
@@ -87,9 +81,8 @@ abstract class AbstractBuilder extends TempStream implements IBuilder {
   }
 
   protected function cookRow(?array $row): ?array {
-    if ($this->cookCtx !== null) {
-      $args = cl::merge([$row], $this->cookArgs);
-      $row = nur_func::_call($this->cookCtx, $args);
+    if ($this->cookFunc !== null) {
+      $row = $this->cookFunc->prependArgs(null, [$row])->invoke();
     }
     if ($row !== null) {
       foreach ($row as &$col) {
diff --git a/php/src/output/msg.php b/php/src/output/msg.php
index 3576127..d180d18 100644
--- a/php/src/output/msg.php
+++ b/php/src/output/msg.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 namespace nulib\output;
 
 use nulib\output\std\ProxyMessenger;
-use nulib\php\nur_func;
+use nulib\php\func;
 
 /**
  * Class msg: inscrire un message dans les logs ET l'afficher à l'utilisateur
@@ -39,30 +39,21 @@ class msg extends _messenger {
     if ($log !== null && $log !== false) {
       if ($log instanceof IMessenger) log::set_messenger($log);
       elseif (is_string($log)) log::set_messenger_class($log);
-      elseif (is_array($log)) {
-        nur_func::ensure_class($log, $args);
-        $log = nur_func::cons($log, $args);
-      }
+      else $log = func::call($log);
       log::set_messenger($log);
       $msgs[] = $log;
     }
     if ($console !== null && $console !== false) {
       if ($console instanceof IMessenger) console::set_messenger($console);
       elseif (is_string($console)) console::set_messenger_class($console);
-      elseif (is_array($console)) {
-        nur_func::ensure_class($console, $args);
-        $console = nur_func::cons($console, $args);
-      }
+      else $console = func::call($console);
       console::set_messenger($console);
       $msgs[] = $console;
     }
     if ($say !== null && $say !== false) {
       if ($say instanceof IMessenger) say::set_messenger($say);
       elseif (is_string($say)) say::set_messenger_class($say);
-      elseif (is_array($say)) {
-        nur_func::ensure_class($say, $args);
-        $say = nur_func::cons($say, $args);
-      }
+      else $say = func::call($say);
       say::set_messenger($say);
       $msgs[] = $say;
     }
diff --git a/php/src/php/content/c.php b/php/src/php/content/c.php
index 9506835..4105846 100644
--- a/php/src/php/content/c.php
+++ b/php/src/php/content/c.php
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ namespace nulib\php\content;
 
 use Closure;
 use nulib\cl;
-use nulib\php\nur_func;
+use nulib\php\func;
 
 /**
  * Class c: classe outil pour gérer du contenu
@@ -62,8 +62,7 @@ class c {
         # contenu dynamique: le contenu est la valeur de retour de la fonction
         # ce contenu est rajouté à la suite après avoir été quoté avec self::q()
         $func = $value;
-        nur_func::ensure_func($func, $object_or_class, $args);
-        $values = self::q(nur_func::call($func, ...$args));
+        $values = self::q(func::call($func));
         self::add_static_content($dest, $values, $key, $seq);
         continue;
       }
@@ -83,16 +82,7 @@ class c {
             $arg = self::resolve($arg, $object_or_class, false);
             if (!$array) $arg = $arg[0];
           }; unset($arg);
-          if (nur_func::is_static($func)) {
-            nur_func::ensure_func($func, $object_or_class, $args);
-            $value = nur_func::call($func, ...$args);
-          } elseif (nur_func::is_class($func)) {
-            nur_func::fix_class_args($func, $args);
-            $value = nur_func::cons($func, ...$args);
-          } else {
-            nur_func::ensure_func($func, $object_or_class, $args);
-            $value = nur_func::call($func, ...$args);
-          }
+          $value = func::with($func, $args)->bind($object_or_class, true)->invoke();
         }
       }
       if ($seq) $dest[] = $value;
diff --git a/php/src/php/func.php b/php/src/php/func.php
index 133fd5f..d81b416 100644
--- a/php/src/php/func.php
+++ b/php/src/php/func.php
@@ -592,6 +592,27 @@ class func {
 
   protected int $maxArgs;
 
+  function replaceArgs(?array $args): self {
+    $this->prefixArgs = $args?? [];
+    return $this;
+  }
+
+  function prependArgs(?int $stripCount=null, ?array $args=null): self {
+    if ($stripCount !== null || $args !== null) {
+      array_splice($this->prefixArgs, 0, $stripCount ?? 0, $args);
+    }
+    return $this;
+  }
+
+  function appendArgs(?int $stripCount=null, ?array $args=null): self {
+    if ($stripCount !== null || $args !== null) {
+      $stripCount ??= 0;
+      if ($stripCount > 0) array_splice($this->prefixArgs, -$stripCount);
+      $this->prefixArgs = array_merge($this->prefixArgs, $args);
+    }
+    return $this;
+  }
+
   protected function updateReflection($reflection): void {
     $variadic = false;
     $minArgs = $maxArgs = 0;
@@ -627,11 +648,16 @@ class func {
     else return $this->bound && $this->object !== null;
   }
 
-  function bind($object): self {
+  function bind($object, bool $unlessAlreadyBound=false, bool $replace=false): self {
     if ($this->type !== self::TYPE_METHOD) return $this;
+    if ($this->object !== null && $unlessAlreadyBound) return $this;
 
     [$c, $f] = $this->func;
-    if ($this->reflection === null) {
+    if ($replace) {
+      $c = $object;
+      $this->func = [$c, $f];
+      $this->updateReflection(new ReflectionMethod($c, $f));
+    } elseif ($this->reflection === null) {
       $this->func[0] = $c = $object;
       $this->updateReflection(new ReflectionMethod($c, $f));
     }
diff --git a/php/src/php/mprop.php b/php/src/php/mprop.php
index a0bc28d..b036844 100644
--- a/php/src/php/mprop.php
+++ b/php/src/php/mprop.php
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class mprop {
     } catch (ReflectionException $e) {
       return oprop::get($object, $property, $default);
     }
-    return nur_func::call([$object, $m], $default);
+    return func::call([$object, $m], $default);
   }
 
   /** spécifier la valeur d'une propriété */
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class mprop {
     } catch (ReflectionException $e) {
       return oprop::_set($c, $object, $property, $value);
     }
-    nur_func::call([$object, $m], $value);
+    func::call([$object, $m], $value);
     return $value;
   }
 
diff --git a/php/src/php/nur_func.php b/php/src/php/nur_func.php
deleted file mode 100644
index ba4cc06..0000000
--- a/php/src/php/nur_func.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,453 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-namespace nulib\php;
-
-use Closure;
-use nulib\cl;
-use nulib\ref\php\ref_func;
-use nulib\ValueException;
-use ReflectionClass;
-use ReflectionFunction;
-use ReflectionMethod;
-
-/**
- * Class func: outils pour appeler des fonctions et méthodes dynamiquement
- */
-class nur_func {
-  /**
-   * tester si $func est une chaine de la forme "XXX::method" où XXX est une
-   * chaine quelconque éventuellement vide, ou un tableau de la forme ["method"]
-   * ou [anything, "method", ...]
-   * 
-   * Avec la forme tableau, "method" ne doit pas contenir le caractère '\', pour
-   * pouvoir utiliser conjointement {@link is_class()}
-   */
-  static final function is_static($func, bool $allowClass=false): bool {
-    if (is_string($func)) {
-      $pos = strpos($func, "::");
-      if ($pos === false) return false;
-      return $pos + 2 < strlen($func);
-    } elseif (is_array($func) && array_key_exists(0, $func)) {
-      $count = count($func);
-      if ($count == 1) {
-        if (!is_string($func[0]) || strlen($func[0]) == 0) return false;
-        if (strpos($func[0], "\\") !== false) return false;
-        return true;
-      } elseif ($count > 1) {
-        if (!array_key_exists(1, $func)) return false;
-        if (!is_string($func[1]) || strlen($func[1]) == 0) return false;
-        if (strpos($func[1], "\\") !== false) return false;
-        return true;
-      }
-    }
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * si $func est une chaine de la forme "::method" alors la remplacer par la
-   * chaine "$class::method"
-   *
-   * si $func est un tableau de la forme ["method"] ou [null, "method"], alors
-   * le remplacer par [$class, "method"]
-   *
-   * on assume que {@link is_static()}($func) retourne true
-   *
-   * @return bool true si la correction a été faite
-   */
-  static final function fix_static(&$func, $class): bool {
-    if (is_object($class)) $class = get_class($class);
-
-    if (is_string($func) && substr($func, 0, 2) == "::") {
-      $func = "$class$func";
-      return true;
-    } elseif (is_array($func) && array_key_exists(0, $func)) {
-      $count = count($func);
-      if ($count == 1) {
-        $func = [$class, $func[0]];
-        return true;
-      } elseif ($count > 1 && $func[0] === null) {
-        $func[0] = $class;
-        return true;
-      }
-    }
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  /** tester si $method est une chaine de la forme "->method" */
-  private static function isam($method): bool {
-    return is_string($method)
-      && strlen($method) > 2
-      && substr($method, 0, 2) == "->";
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * tester si $func est une chaine de la forme "->method" ou un tableau de la
-   * forme ["->method", ...] ou [anything, "->method", ...]
-   */
-  static final function is_method($func): bool {
-    if (is_string($func)) {
-      return self::isam($func);
-    } elseif (is_array($func) && array_key_exists(0, $func)) {
-      if (self::isam($func[0])) {
-        # ["->method", ...]
-        return true;
-      }
-      if (array_key_exists(1, $func) && self::isam($func[1])) {
-        # [anything, "->method", ...]
-        return true;
-      }
-    }
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * si $func est une chaine de la forme "->method" alors la remplacer par le
-   * tableau [$object, "method"]
-   *
-   * si $func est un tableau de la forme ["->method"] ou [anything, "->method"],
-   * alors le remplacer par [$object, "method"]
-   *
-   * @return bool true si la correction a été faite
-   */
-  static final function fix_method(&$func, $object): bool {
-    if (!is_object($object)) return false;
-
-    if (is_string($func)) {
-      if (self::isam($func)) {
-        $func = [$object, substr($func, 2)];
-        return true;
-      }
-    } elseif (is_array($func) && array_key_exists(0, $func)) {
-      if (self::isam($func[0])) $func = array_merge([null], $func);
-      if (count($func) > 1 && array_key_exists(1, $func) && self::isam($func[1])) {
-        $func[0] = $object;
-        $func[1] = substr($func[1], 2);
-        return true;
-      }
-    }
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * si $func est un tableau de plus de 2 éléments, alors déplacer les éléments
-   * supplémentaires au début de $args. par exemple:
-   * ~~~
-   * $func = ["class", "method", "arg1", "arg2"];
-   * $args = ["arg3"];
-   * func::fix_args($func, $args)
-   * # $func === ["class", "method"]
-   * # $args === ["arg1", "arg2", "arg3"]
-   * ~~~
-   *
-   * @return bool true si la correction a été faite
-   */
-  static final function fix_args(&$func, ?array &$args): bool {
-    if ($args === null) $args = [];
-    if (is_array($func) && count($func) > 2) {
-      $prefix_args = array_slice($func, 2);
-      $func = array_slice($func, 0, 2);
-      $args = array_merge($prefix_args, $args);
-      return true;
-    }
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * s'assurer que $func est un appel de méthode ou d'une méthode statique;
-   * et renseigner le cas échéant les arguments. si $func ne fait pas mention
-   * de la classe ou de l'objet, le renseigner avec $class_or_object.
-   *
-   * @return bool true si c'est une fonction valide. il ne reste plus qu'à
-   * l'appeler avec {@link call()}
-   */
-  static final function check_func(&$func, $class_or_object, &$args=null): bool {
-    if ($func instanceof Closure) return true;
-    if (self::is_method($func)) {
-      # méthode
-      self::fix_method($func, $class_or_object);
-      self::fix_args($func, $args);
-      return true;
-    } elseif (self::is_static($func)) {
-      # méthode statique
-      self::fix_static($func, $class_or_object);
-      self::fix_args($func, $args);
-      return true;
-    }
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Comme {@link check_func()} mais lance une exception si la fonction est
-   * invalide
-   *
-   * @throws ValueException si $func n'est pas une fonction ou une méthode valide
-   */
-  static final function ensure_func(&$func, $class_or_object, &$args=null): void {
-    if (!self::check_func($func, $class_or_object, $args)) {
-      throw ValueException::invalid_type($func, "callable");
-    }
-  }
-
-  static final function _prepare($func): array {
-    $object = null;
-    if (is_callable($func)) {
-      if (is_array($func)) {
-        $rf = new ReflectionMethod(...$func);
-        $object = $func[0];
-        if (is_string($object)) $object = null;
-      } elseif ($func instanceof Closure) {
-        $rf = new ReflectionFunction($func);
-      } elseif (is_string($func) && strpos($func, "::") === false) {
-        $rf = new ReflectionFunction($func);
-      } else {
-        $rf = new ReflectionMethod($func);
-      }
-    } elseif ($func instanceof ReflectionMethod) {
-      $rf = $func;
-    } elseif ($func instanceof ReflectionFunction) {
-      $rf = $func;
-    } elseif (is_array($func) && count($func) == 2 && isset($func[0]) && isset($func[1])
-      && ($func[1] instanceof ReflectionMethod || $func[1] instanceof ReflectionFunction)) {
-      $object = $func[0];
-      if (is_string($object)) $object = null;
-      $rf = $func[1];
-    } elseif (is_string($func) && strpos($func, "::") === false) {
-      $rf = new ReflectionFunction($func);
-    } else {
-      throw ValueException::invalid_type($func, "callable");
-    }
-    $minArgs = $rf->getNumberOfRequiredParameters();
-    $maxArgs = $rf->getNumberOfParameters();
-    $variadic = $rf->isVariadic();
-    return [$rf instanceof ReflectionMethod, $object, $rf, $minArgs, $maxArgs, $variadic];
-  }
-
-  static final function _fill(array $context, array &$args): void {
-    $minArgs = $context[3];
-    $maxArgs = $context[4];
-    $variadic = $context[5];
-    if (!$variadic) $args = array_slice($args, 0, $maxArgs);
-    while (count($args) < $minArgs) $args[] = null;
-  }
-
-  static final function _call($context, array $args) {
-    self::_fill($context, $args);
-    $use_object = $context[0];
-    $object = $context[1];
-    $method = $context[2];
-    if ($use_object) {
-      if (count($args) === 0) return $method->invoke($object);
-      else return $method->invokeArgs($object, $args);
-    } else {
-      if (count($args) === 0) return $method->invoke();
-      else return $method->invokeArgs($args);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Appeler la fonction spécifiée avec les arguments spécifiés.
-   * Adapter $args en fonction du nombre réel d'arguments de $func
-   *
-   * @param callable|ReflectionFunction|ReflectionMethod $func
-   */
-  static final function call($func, ...$args) {
-    return self::_call(self::_prepare($func), $args);
-  }
-
-  /** remplacer $value par $func($value, ...$args) */
-  static final function apply(&$value, $func, ...$args): void {
-    if ($func !== null) {
-      if ($args) $args = array_merge([$value], $args);
-      else $args = [$value];
-      $value = self::call($func, ...$args);
-    }
-  }
-
-  const MASK_PS = ReflectionMethod::IS_PUBLIC | ReflectionMethod::IS_STATIC;
-  const MASK_P = ReflectionMethod::IS_PUBLIC;
-  const METHOD_PS = ReflectionMethod::IS_PUBLIC | ReflectionMethod::IS_STATIC;
-  const METHOD_P = ReflectionMethod::IS_PUBLIC;
-
-  private static function matches(string $name, array $includes, array $excludes): bool {
-    if ($includes) {
-      $matches = false;
-      foreach ($includes as $include) {
-        if (substr($include, 0, 1) == "/") {
-          # expression régulière
-          if (preg_match($include, $name)) {
-            $matches = true;
-            break;
-          }
-        } else {
-          # tester la présence de la sous-chaine
-          if (strpos($name, $include) !== false) {
-            $matches = true;
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      if (!$matches) return false;
-    }
-    foreach ($excludes as $exclude) {
-      if (substr($exclude, 0, 1) == "/") {
-        # expression régulière
-        if (preg_match($exclude, $name)) return false;
-      } else {
-        # tester la présence de la sous-chaine
-        if (strpos($name, $exclude) !== false) return false;
-      }
-    }
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  /** @var Schema */
-  private static $call_all_params_schema;
-
-  /**
-   * retourner la liste des méthodes de $class_or_object qui correspondent au
-   * filtre $options. le filtre doit respecter le schéme {@link CALL_ALL_PARAMS_SCHEMA}
-   */
-  static function get_all($class_or_object, $params=null): array {
-    Schema::nv($paramsv, $params, null
-      , self::$call_all_params_schema, ref_func::CALL_ALL_PARAMS_SCHEMA);
-    if (is_callable($class_or_object, true) && is_array($class_or_object)) {
-      # callable sous forme de tableau
-      $class_or_object = $class_or_object[0];
-    }
-    if (is_string($class_or_object)) {
-      # lister les méthodes publiques statiques de la classe
-      $mask = self::MASK_PS;
-      $expected = self::METHOD_PS;
-      $c = new ReflectionClass($class_or_object);
-    } elseif (is_object($class_or_object)) {
-      # lister les méthodes publiques de la classe
-      $c = new ReflectionClass($class_or_object);
-      $mask = $params["static_only"]? self::MASK_PS: self::MASK_P;
-      $expected = $params["static_only"]? self::METHOD_PS: self::METHOD_P;
-    } else {
-      throw new ValueException("$class_or_object: vous devez spécifier une classe ou un objet");
-    }
-    $prefix = $params["prefix"]; $prefixlen = strlen($prefix);
-    $args = $params["args"];
-    $includes = $params["include"];
-    $excludes = $params["exclude"];
-    $methods = [];
-    foreach ($c->getMethods() as $m) {
-      if (($m->getModifiers() & $mask) != $expected) continue;
-      $name = $m->getName();
-      if (substr($name, 0, $prefixlen) != $prefix) continue;
-      if (!self::matches($name, $includes, $excludes)) continue;
-      $methods[] = cl::merge([$class_or_object, $name], $args);
-    }
-    return $methods;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Appeler toutes les méthodes publiques de $object_or_class et retourner un
-   * tableau [$method_name => $return_value] des valeurs de retour.
-   */
-  static final function call_all($class_or_object, $params=null): array {
-    $methods = self::get_all($class_or_object, $params);
-    $values = [];
-    foreach ($methods as $method) {
-      self::fix_args($method, $args);
-      $values[$method[1]] = self::call($method, ...$args);
-    }
-    return $values;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * tester si $func est une chaine de la forme "XXX" où XXX est une classe
-   * valide, ou un tableau de la forme ["XXX", ...]
-   *
-   * NB: il est possible d'avoir {@link is_static()} et {@link is_class()}
-   * vraies pour la même valeur. s'il faut supporter les deux cas, appeler
-   * {@link is_static()} d'abord, mais dans ce cas, on ne supporte que les
-   * classes qui sont dans un package
-   */
-  static final function is_class($class): bool {
-    if (is_string($class)) {
-      return class_exists($class);
-    } elseif (is_array($class) && array_key_exists(0, $class)) {
-      return class_exists($class[0]);
-    }
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * en assumant que {@link is_class()} est vrai, si $class est un tableau de
-   * plus de 1 éléments, alors déplacer les éléments supplémentaires au début de
-   * $args. par exemple:
-   * ~~~
-   * $class = ["class", "arg1", "arg2"];
-   * $args = ["arg3"];
-   * func::fix_class_args($class, $args)
-   * # $class === "class"
-   * # $args === ["arg1", "arg2", "arg3"]
-   * ~~~
-   *
-   * @return bool true si la correction a été faite
-   */
-  static final function fix_class_args(&$class, ?array &$args): bool {
-    if ($args === null) $args = [];
-    if (is_array($class)) {
-      if (count($class) > 1) {
-        $prefix_args = array_slice($class, 1);
-        $class = array_slice($class, 0, 1)[0];
-        $args = array_merge($prefix_args, $args);
-      } else {
-        $class = $class[0];
-      }
-      return true;
-    }
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * s'assurer que $class est une classe et renseigner le cas échéant les
-   * arguments.
-   *
-   * @return bool true si c'est une classe valide. il ne reste plus qu'à
-   * l'instancier avec {@link cons()}
-   */
-  static final function check_class(&$class, &$args=null): bool {
-    if (self::is_class($class)) {
-      self::fix_class_args($class, $args);
-      return true;
-    }
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Comme {@link check_class()} mais lance une exception si la classe est
-   * invalide
-   *
-   * @throws ValueException si $class n'est pas une classe valide
-   */
-  static final function ensure_class(&$class, &$args=null): void {
-    if (!self::check_class($class, $args)) {
-      throw ValueException::invalid_type($class, "class");
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Instancier la classe avec les arguments spécifiés.
-   * Adapter $args en fonction du nombre réel d'arguments du constructeur
-   */
-  static final function cons(string $class, ...$args) {
-    $c = new ReflectionClass($class);
-    $rf = $c->getConstructor();
-    if ($rf === null) {
-      return $c->newInstance();
-    } else {
-      if (!$rf->isVariadic()) {
-        $minArgs = $rf->getNumberOfRequiredParameters();
-        $maxArgs = $rf->getNumberOfParameters();
-        $args = array_slice($args, 0, $maxArgs);
-        while (count($args) < $minArgs) {
-          $args[] = null;
-        }
-      }
-      return $c->newInstanceArgs($args);
-    }
-  }
-}
diff --git a/php/tests/appTest.php b/php/tests/appTest.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 8d86b6f..0000000
--- a/php/tests/appTest.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,132 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-namespace nulib {
-  use nulib\tests\TestCase;
-  use nulib\impl\config;
-  use nulib\impl\myapp;
-  use nulib\impl\MyApplication1;
-  use nulib\impl\MyApplication2;
-
-  class appTest extends TestCase {
-    function testWith() {
-      $projdir = config::get_projdir();
-      $cwd = getcwd();
-
-      myapp::reset();
-      $app1 = myapp::with(MyApplication1::class);
-      self::assertSame([
-        "projdir" => $projdir,
-        "vendor" => [
-          "bindir" => "$projdir/vendor/bin",
-          "autoload" => "$projdir/vendor/autoload.php",
-        ],
-        "appcode" => "nur-sery",
-        "cwd" => $cwd,
-        "datadir" => "$projdir/devel",
-        "etcdir" => "$projdir/devel/etc",
-        "vardir" => "$projdir/devel/var",
-        "logdir" => "$projdir/devel/log",
-        "profile" => "devel",
-        "appgroup" => null,
-        "name" => "my-application1",
-        "title" => null,
-      ], $app1->getParams());
-
-      $app2 = myapp::with(MyApplication2::class, $app1);
-      self::assertSame([
-        "projdir" => $projdir,
-        "vendor" => [
-          "bindir" => "$projdir/vendor/bin",
-          "autoload" => "$projdir/vendor/autoload.php",
-        ],
-        "appcode" => "nur-sery",
-        "cwd" => $cwd,
-        "datadir" => "$projdir/devel",
-        "etcdir" => "$projdir/devel/etc",
-        "vardir" => "$projdir/devel/var",
-        "logdir" => "$projdir/devel/log",
-        "profile" => "devel",
-        "appgroup" => null,
-        "name" => "my-application2",
-        "title" => null,
-      ], $app2->getParams());
-    }
-
-    function testInit() {
-      $projdir = config::get_projdir();
-      $cwd = getcwd();
-
-      myapp::reset();
-      myapp::init(MyApplication1::class);
-      self::assertSame([
-        "projdir" => $projdir,
-        "vendor" => [
-          "bindir" => "$projdir/vendor/bin",
-          "autoload" => "$projdir/vendor/autoload.php",
-        ],
-        "appcode" => "nur-sery",
-        "cwd" => $cwd,
-        "datadir" => "$projdir/devel",
-        "etcdir" => "$projdir/devel/etc",
-        "vardir" => "$projdir/devel/var",
-        "logdir" => "$projdir/devel/log",
-        "profile" => "devel",
-        "appgroup" => null,
-        "name" => "my-application1",
-        "title" => null,
-      ], myapp::get()->getParams());
-
-      myapp::init(MyApplication2::class);
-      self::assertSame([
-        "projdir" => $projdir,
-        "vendor" => [
-          "bindir" => "$projdir/vendor/bin",
-          "autoload" => "$projdir/vendor/autoload.php",
-        ],
-        "appcode" => "nur-sery",
-        "cwd" => $cwd,
-        "datadir" => "$projdir/devel",
-        "etcdir" => "$projdir/devel/etc",
-        "vardir" => "$projdir/devel/var",
-        "logdir" => "$projdir/devel/log",
-        "profile" => "devel",
-        "appgroup" => null,
-        "name" => "my-application2",
-        "title" => null,
-      ], myapp::get()->getParams());
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-namespace nulib\impl {
-
-  use nulib\app\cli\Application;
-  use nulib\os\path;
-  use nulib\app;
-
-  class config {
-    const PROJDIR = __DIR__.'/..';
-
-    static function get_projdir(): string {
-      return path::abspath(self::PROJDIR);
-    }
-  }
-
-  class myapp extends app {
-    static function reset(): void {
-      self::$app = null;
-    }
-  }
-
-  class MyApplication1 extends Application {
-    const PROJDIR = config::PROJDIR;
-
-    function main() {
-    }
-  }
-  class MyApplication2 extends Application {
-    const PROJDIR = null;
-
-    function main() {
-    }
-  }
-}
diff --git a/php/tests/php/funcTest.php b/php/tests/php/funcTest.php
index 3f580fa..0f5200b 100644
--- a/php/tests/php/funcTest.php
+++ b/php/tests/php/funcTest.php
@@ -1108,6 +1108,27 @@ namespace nulib\php {
       self::assertException(ValueException::class, function() use ($func) {
         $func->bind(new C0())->invoke();
       });
+      self::assertSame(11, $func->bind(new C0(), false, true)->invoke());
+    }
+
+    function testModifyArgs() {
+      $closure = function(...$args) { return $args; };
+
+      self::assertSame(["x", "y", "z"], func::with($closure, ["a", "b", "c"])->replaceArgs(["x", "y", "z"])->invoke());
+
+      self::assertSame(["x", "y", "z", "a", "b", "c"], func::with($closure, ["a", "b", "c"])->prependArgs(null, ["x", "y", "z"])->invoke());
+      self::assertSame(["x", "y", "z", "a", "b", "c"], func::with($closure, ["a", "b", "c"])->prependArgs(0, ["x", "y", "z"])->invoke());
+      self::assertSame(["x", "y", "z", "b", "c"], func::with($closure, ["a", "b", "c"])->prependArgs(1, ["x", "y", "z"])->invoke());
+      self::assertSame(["x", "y", "z", "c"], func::with($closure, ["a", "b", "c"])->prependArgs(2, ["x", "y", "z"])->invoke());
+      self::assertSame(["x", "y", "z"], func::with($closure, ["a", "b", "c"])->prependArgs(3, ["x", "y", "z"])->invoke());
+      self::assertSame(["x", "y", "z"], func::with($closure, ["a", "b", "c"])->prependArgs(4, ["x", "y", "z"])->invoke());
+
+      self::assertSame(["a", "b", "c", "x", "y", "z"], func::with($closure, ["a", "b", "c"])->appendArgs(null, ["x", "y", "z"])->invoke());
+      self::assertSame(["a", "b", "c", "x", "y", "z"], func::with($closure, ["a", "b", "c"])->appendArgs(0, ["x", "y", "z"])->invoke());
+      self::assertSame(["a", "b", "x", "y", "z"], func::with($closure, ["a", "b", "c"])->appendArgs(1, ["x", "y", "z"])->invoke());
+      self::assertSame(["a", "x", "y", "z"], func::with($closure, ["a", "b", "c"])->appendArgs(2, ["x", "y", "z"])->invoke());
+      self::assertSame(["x", "y", "z"], func::with($closure, ["a", "b", "c"])->appendArgs(3, ["x", "y", "z"])->invoke());
+      self::assertSame(["x", "y", "z"], func::with($closure, ["a", "b", "c"])->appendArgs(4, ["x", "y", "z"])->invoke());
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/php/tests/php/nur_funcTest.php b/php/tests/php/nur_funcTest.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 44fa744..0000000
--- a/php/tests/php/nur_funcTest.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,292 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace {
-  function func36(): int { return 36; }
-  
-  function func_m1($a): array { return [$a]; }
-  function func_o1($b=9): array { return [$b]; }
-  function func_v(...$c): array { return [...$c]; }
-  function func_m1o1($a, $b=9): array { return [$a, $b]; }
-  function func_m1v($a, ...$c): array { return [$a, ...$c]; }
-  function func_m1o1v($a, $b=9, ...$c): array { return [$a, $b, ...$c]; }
-  function func_o1v($b=9, ...$c): array { return [$b, ...$c]; }
-}
-
-namespace nulib\php {
-
-  use nulib\tests\TestCase;
-
-  class nur_funcTest extends TestCase {
-    function testIs_static() {
-      self::assertFalse(nur_func::is_static(null));
-      self::assertFalse(nur_func::is_static(""));
-      self::assertFalse(nur_func::is_static("::"));
-      self::assertFalse(nur_func::is_static("xxx::"));
-      self::assertFalse(nur_func::is_static([]));
-      self::assertFalse(nur_func::is_static([""]));
-      self::assertFalse(nur_func::is_static([null, ""]));
-      self::assertFalse(nur_func::is_static(["xxx", ""]));
-
-      self::assertTrue(nur_func::is_static("::xxx"));
-      self::assertTrue(nur_func::is_static(["xxx"]));
-      self::assertTrue(nur_func::is_static([null, "yyy"]));
-      self::assertTrue(nur_func::is_static(["xxx", "yyy"]));
-      self::assertTrue(nur_func::is_static([null, "yyy", "aaa"]));
-      self::assertTrue(nur_func::is_static(["xxx", "yyy", "aaa"]));
-    }
-    
-    function testFix_static() {
-      $class = "class";
-      $func = "::xxx";
-        nur_func::fix_static($func, $class);
-        self::assertSame("class::xxx", $func);
-      $func = ["xxx"];
-        nur_func::fix_static($func, $class);
-        self::assertSame(["class", "xxx"], $func);
-      $func = [null, "yyy"];
-        nur_func::fix_static($func, $class);
-        self::assertSame(["class", "yyy"], $func);
-      $func = ["xxx", "yyy"];
-        nur_func::fix_static($func, $class);
-        self::assertSame(["xxx", "yyy"], $func);
-      $func = [null, "yyy", "aaa"];
-        nur_func::fix_static($func, $class);
-        self::assertSame(["class", "yyy", "aaa"], $func);
-      $func = ["xxx", "yyy", "aaa"];
-        nur_func::fix_static($func, $class);
-        self::assertSame(["xxx", "yyy", "aaa"], $func);
-    }
-
-    function testIs_method() {
-      self::assertFalse(nur_func::is_method(null));
-      self::assertFalse(nur_func::is_method(""));
-      self::assertFalse(nur_func::is_method("->"));
-      self::assertFalse(nur_func::is_method([]));
-      self::assertFalse(nur_func::is_method([""]));
-      self::assertFalse(nur_func::is_method([null, "->"]));
-      self::assertFalse(nur_func::is_method(["xxx", "->"]));
-
-      self::assertTrue(nur_func::is_method("->xxx"));
-      self::assertTrue(nur_func::is_method(["->xxx"]));
-      self::assertTrue(nur_func::is_method([null, "->yyy"]));
-      self::assertTrue(nur_func::is_method(["xxx", "->yyy"]));
-      self::assertTrue(nur_func::is_method([null, "->yyy", "aaa"]));
-      self::assertTrue(nur_func::is_method(["xxx", "->yyy", "aaa"]));
-    }
-
-    function testFix_method() {
-      $object = new \stdClass();
-      $func= "->xxx";
-        nur_func::fix_method($func, $object);
-        self::assertSame([$object, "xxx"], $func);
-      $func= ["->xxx"];
-        nur_func::fix_method($func, $object);
-        self::assertSame([$object, "xxx"], $func);
-      $func= [null, "->yyy"];
-        nur_func::fix_method($func, $object);
-        self::assertSame([$object, "yyy"], $func);
-      $func= ["xxx", "->yyy"];
-        nur_func::fix_method($func, $object);
-        self::assertSame([$object, "yyy"], $func);
-      $func= [null, "->yyy", "aaa"];
-        nur_func::fix_method($func, $object);
-        self::assertSame([$object, "yyy", "aaa"], $func);
-      $func= ["xxx", "->yyy", "aaa"];
-        nur_func::fix_method($func, $object);
-        self::assertSame([$object, "yyy", "aaa"], $func);
-    }
-
-    function testCall() {
-      self::assertSame(36, nur_func::call("func36"));
-      self::assertSame(12, nur_func::call(TC::class."::method"));
-      self::assertSame(12, nur_func::call([TC::class, "method"]));
-      $closure = function() {
-        return 21;
-      };
-      self::assertSame(21, nur_func::call($closure));
-    }
-
-    function test_prepare_fill() {
-      # vérifier que les arguments sont bien remplis, en fonction du fait qu'ils
-      # soient obligatoires, facultatifs ou variadiques
-      
-      # m1
-      self::assertSame([null], nur_func::call("func_m1"));
-      self::assertSame([null], nur_func::call("func_m1", null));
-      self::assertSame([null], nur_func::call("func_m1", null, null));
-      self::assertSame([null], nur_func::call("func_m1", null, null, null));
-      self::assertSame([null], nur_func::call("func_m1", null, null, null, null));
-      self::assertSame([1], nur_func::call("func_m1", 1));
-      self::assertSame([1], nur_func::call("func_m1", 1, 2));
-      self::assertSame([1], nur_func::call("func_m1", 1, 2, 3));
-      self::assertSame([1], nur_func::call("func_m1", 1, 2, 3, 4));
-      
-      # o1
-      self::assertSame([9], nur_func::call("func_o1"));
-      self::assertSame([null], nur_func::call("func_o1", null));
-      self::assertSame([null], nur_func::call("func_o1", null, null));
-      self::assertSame([null], nur_func::call("func_o1", null, null, null));
-      self::assertSame([null], nur_func::call("func_o1", null, null, null, null));
-      self::assertSame([1], nur_func::call("func_o1", 1));
-      self::assertSame([1], nur_func::call("func_o1", 1, 2));
-      self::assertSame([1], nur_func::call("func_o1", 1, 2, 3));
-      self::assertSame([1], nur_func::call("func_o1", 1, 2, 3, 4));
-      
-      # v
-      self::assertSame([], nur_func::call("func_v"));
-      self::assertSame([null], nur_func::call("func_v", null));
-      self::assertSame([null, null], nur_func::call("func_v", null, null));
-      self::assertSame([null, null, null], nur_func::call("func_v", null, null, null));
-      self::assertSame([null, null, null, null], nur_func::call("func_v", null, null, null, null));
-      self::assertSame([1], nur_func::call("func_v", 1));
-      self::assertSame([1, 2], nur_func::call("func_v", 1, 2));
-      self::assertSame([1, 2, 3], nur_func::call("func_v", 1, 2, 3));
-      self::assertSame([1, 2, 3, 4], nur_func::call("func_v", 1, 2, 3, 4));
-      
-      # m1o1
-      self::assertSame([null, 9], nur_func::call("func_m1o1"));
-      self::assertSame([null, 9], nur_func::call("func_m1o1", null));
-      self::assertSame([null, null], nur_func::call("func_m1o1", null, null));
-      self::assertSame([null, null], nur_func::call("func_m1o1", null, null, null));
-      self::assertSame([null, null], nur_func::call("func_m1o1", null, null, null, null));
-      self::assertSame([1, 9], nur_func::call("func_m1o1", 1));
-      self::assertSame([1, 2], nur_func::call("func_m1o1", 1, 2));
-      self::assertSame([1, 2], nur_func::call("func_m1o1", 1, 2, 3));
-      self::assertSame([1, 2], nur_func::call("func_m1o1", 1, 2, 3, 4));
-      
-      # m1v
-      self::assertSame([null], nur_func::call("func_m1v"));
-      self::assertSame([null], nur_func::call("func_m1v", null));
-      self::assertSame([null, null], nur_func::call("func_m1v", null, null));
-      self::assertSame([null, null, null], nur_func::call("func_m1v", null, null, null));
-      self::assertSame([null, null, null, null], nur_func::call("func_m1v", null, null, null, null));
-      self::assertSame([1], nur_func::call("func_m1v", 1));
-      self::assertSame([1, 2], nur_func::call("func_m1v", 1, 2));
-      self::assertSame([1, 2, 3], nur_func::call("func_m1v", 1, 2, 3));
-      self::assertSame([1, 2, 3, 4], nur_func::call("func_m1v", 1, 2, 3, 4));
-      
-      # m1o1v
-      self::assertSame([null, 9], nur_func::call("func_m1o1v"));
-      self::assertSame([null, 9], nur_func::call("func_m1o1v", null));
-      self::assertSame([null, null], nur_func::call("func_m1o1v", null, null));
-      self::assertSame([null, null, null], nur_func::call("func_m1o1v", null, null, null));
-      self::assertSame([null, null, null, null], nur_func::call("func_m1o1v", null, null, null, null));
-      self::assertSame([1, 9], nur_func::call("func_m1o1v", 1));
-      self::assertSame([1, 2], nur_func::call("func_m1o1v", 1, 2));
-      self::assertSame([1, 2, 3], nur_func::call("func_m1o1v", 1, 2, 3));
-      self::assertSame([1, 2, 3, 4], nur_func::call("func_m1o1v", 1, 2, 3, 4));
-      
-      # o1v
-      self::assertSame([9], nur_func::call("func_o1v"));
-      self::assertSame([null], nur_func::call("func_o1v", null));
-      self::assertSame([null, null], nur_func::call("func_o1v", null, null));
-      self::assertSame([null, null, null], nur_func::call("func_o1v", null, null, null));
-      self::assertSame([null, null, null, null], nur_func::call("func_o1v", null, null, null, null));
-      self::assertSame([1], nur_func::call("func_o1v", 1));
-      self::assertSame([1, 2], nur_func::call("func_o1v", 1, 2));
-      self::assertSame([1, 2, 3], nur_func::call("func_o1v", 1, 2, 3));
-      self::assertSame([1, 2, 3, 4], nur_func::call("func_o1v", 1, 2, 3, 4));
-    }
-
-    function testCall_all() {
-      $c1 = new C1();
-      $c2 = new C2();
-      $c3 = new C3();
-
-      self::assertSameValues([11, 12], nur_func::call_all(C1::class));
-      self::assertSameValues([11, 12, 21, 22], nur_func::call_all($c1));
-      self::assertSameValues([13, 11, 12], nur_func::call_all(C2::class));
-      self::assertSameValues([13, 23, 11, 12, 21, 22], nur_func::call_all($c2));
-      self::assertSameValues([111, 13, 12], nur_func::call_all(C3::class));
-      self::assertSameValues([111, 121, 13, 23, 12, 22], nur_func::call_all($c3));
-
-      $options = "conf";
-      self::assertSameValues([11], nur_func::call_all(C1::class, $options));
-      self::assertSameValues([11, 21], nur_func::call_all($c1, $options));
-      self::assertSameValues([11], nur_func::call_all(C2::class, $options));
-      self::assertSameValues([11, 21], nur_func::call_all($c2, $options));
-      self::assertSameValues([111], nur_func::call_all(C3::class, $options));
-      self::assertSameValues([111, 121], nur_func::call_all($c3, $options));
-
-      $options = ["prefix" => "conf"];
-      self::assertSameValues([11], nur_func::call_all(C1::class, $options));
-      self::assertSameValues([11, 21], nur_func::call_all($c1, $options));
-      self::assertSameValues([11], nur_func::call_all(C2::class, $options));
-      self::assertSameValues([11, 21], nur_func::call_all($c2, $options));
-      self::assertSameValues([111], nur_func::call_all(C3::class, $options));
-      self::assertSameValues([111, 121], nur_func::call_all($c3, $options));
-
-      self::assertSameValues([11, 12], nur_func::call_all($c1, ["include" => "x"]));
-      self::assertSameValues([11, 21], nur_func::call_all($c1, ["include" => "y"]));
-      self::assertSameValues([11, 12, 21], nur_func::call_all($c1, ["include" => ["x", "y"]]));
-
-      self::assertSameValues([21, 22], nur_func::call_all($c1, ["exclude" => "x"]));
-      self::assertSameValues([12, 22], nur_func::call_all($c1, ["exclude" => "y"]));
-      self::assertSameValues([22], nur_func::call_all($c1, ["exclude" => ["x", "y"]]));
-
-      self::assertSameValues([12], nur_func::call_all($c1, ["include" => "x", "exclude" => "y"]));
-    }
-
-    function testCons() {
-      $obj1 = nur_func::cons(WoCons::class, 1, 2, 3);
-      self::assertInstanceOf(WoCons::class, $obj1);
-
-      $obj2 = nur_func::cons(WithEmptyCons::class, 1, 2, 3);
-      self::assertInstanceOf(WithEmptyCons::class, $obj2);
-
-      $obj3 = nur_func::cons(WithCons::class, 1, 2, 3);
-      self::assertInstanceOf(WithCons::class, $obj3);
-      self::assertSame(1, $obj3->first);
-    }
-  }
-
-  class WoCons {
-  }
-  class WithEmptyCons {
-    function __construct() {
-    }
-  }
-  class WithCons {
-    public $first;
-    function __construct($first) {
-      $this->first = $first;
-    }
-  }
-
-  class TC {
-    static function method() {
-      return 12;
-    }
-  }
-
-  class C1 {
-    static function confps1_xy() {
-      return 11;
-    }
-    static function ps2_x() {
-      return 12;
-    }
-    function confp1_y() {
-      return 21;
-    }
-    function p2() {
-      return 22;
-    }
-  }
-  class C2 extends C1 {
-    static function ps3() {
-      return 13;
-    }
-    function p3() {
-      return 23;
-    }
-  }
-  class C3 extends C2 {
-    static function confps1_xy() {
-      return 111;
-    }
-    function confp1_y() {
-      return 121;
-    }
-  }
-}