diff --git a/src/schema/types/tbool.php b/src/schema/types/tbool.php
index 19fb060..6552e81 100644
--- a/src/schema/types/tbool.php
+++ b/src/schema/types/tbool.php
@@ -1,12 +1,127 @@
 <?php
 namespace nur\sery\schema\types;
 
-abstract class tbool implements IType {
+use nulib\cl;
+use nulib\ValueException;
+use nur\sery\schema\_scalar\ScalarResult;
+use nur\sery\schema\_scalar\ScalarSchema;
+use nur\sery\schema\input\Input;
+use nur\sery\schema\Result;
+use nur\sery\schema\Schema;
+
+class tbool implements IType {
+  /** liste de valeurs chaines à considérer comme 'OUI' */
+  const YES_VALUES = [
+    # IMPORTANT: ordonner par taille décroissante pour compatibilité avec parse()
+    "true", "vrai", "yes", "oui",
+    "t", "v", "y", "o", "1",
+  ];
+
+  /** liste de valeurs chaines à considérer comme 'NON' */
+  const NO_VALUES = [
+    # IMPORTANT: ordonner par taille décroissante pour compatibilité avec parse()
+    "false", "faux", "non", "no",
+    "f", "n", "0",
+  ];
+
+  /** Vérifier si $value est 'OUI' */
+  static final function is_yes(?string $value): bool {
+    if ($value === null) return false;
+    $value = strtolower(trim($value));
+    if (in_array($value, self::YES_VALUES, true)) return true;
+    // n'importe quelle valeur numérique
+    if (is_numeric($value)) return $value != 0;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /** Vérifier si $value est 'NON' */
+  static final function is_no(?string $value): bool {
+    if ($value === null) return true;
+    $value = strtolower(trim($value));
+    return in_array($value, self::NO_VALUES, true);
+  }
+
   static function ensure_bool(&$bool): void {
+    if (is_string($bool)) {
+      if (self::is_yes($bool)) $bool = true;
+      elseif (self::is_no($bool)) $bool = false;
+    }
     if (!is_bool($bool)) $bool = boolval($bool);
   }
 
   static function ensure_nbool(&$bool): void {
     if ($bool !== null) self::ensure_bool($bool);
   }
+
+  function isAvailable(Input $input, $destKey): bool {
+    return $input->isAvailable($destKey);
+  }
+
+  function isNull($value): bool {
+    return $value === null || (is_string($value) && trim($value) === "");
+  }
+
+  function isValid($value, ?bool &$normalized=null): bool {
+    if (is_string($value)) {
+      $value = trim($value);
+      $valid = self::is_yes($value) || self::is_no($value);
+    } else {
+      $valid = is_scalar($value);
+    }
+    $normalized = is_bool($value);
+    return $valid;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @var ScalarResult $result
+   * @var ScalarSchema $schema
+   */
+  function verifix(&$value, Result &$result, Schema $schema): bool {
+    if (is_bool($value)) {
+      $result->setNormalized();
+      return false;
+    } elseif (is_string($value)) {
+      $bool = trim($value);
+      if (self::is_yes($bool)) $value = true;
+      elseif (self::is_no($bool)) $value = false;
+      else return $result->setInvalid($value, $schema);
+    } elseif (is_scalar($value)) {
+      $value = boolval($value);
+    } else {
+      return $result->setInvalid($value, $schema);
+    }
+    $result->setValid();
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  const OUINON_FORMAT = ["Oui", "Non", false];
+  const OUINONNULL_FORMAT = ["Oui", "Non", ""];
+  const ON_FORMAT = ["O", "N", false];
+  const ONN_FORMAT = ["O", "N", ""];
+  const XN_FORMAT = ["X", "", false];
+  const OZ_FORMAT = ["1", "", false];
+  const FORMATS = [
+    "ouinon" => self::OUINON_FORMAT,
+    "ouinonnull" => self::OUINONNULL_FORMAT,
+    "on" => self::ON_FORMAT,
+    "onn" => self::ONN_FORMAT,
+    "xn" => self::XN_FORMAT,
+    "oz" => self::OZ_FORMAT,
+  ];
+
+  const DEFAULT_FORMAT = self::OUINON_FORMAT;
+
+  function format($value, $format=null): string {
+    if ($format === null) $format = static::DEFAULT_FORMAT;
+    if (is_string($format)) {
+      $oformat = $format;
+      $format = cl::get(self::FORMATS, strtolower($oformat));
+      if ($format === null) throw ValueException::invalid_kind($oformat, "format");
+    }
+    if ($value === null) {
+      $null = $format[2];
+      if ($null !== false) return $null;
+    }
+    return $value? $format[0]: $format[1];
+  }
 }
diff --git a/src/schema/types/tfloat.php b/src/schema/types/tfloat.php
index 6c587a5..3b5c539 100644
--- a/src/schema/types/tfloat.php
+++ b/src/schema/types/tfloat.php
@@ -1,5 +1,59 @@
 <?php
 namespace nur\sery\schema\types;
 
-abstract class tfloat implements IType {
+use nur\sery\schema\_scalar\ScalarResult;
+use nur\sery\schema\_scalar\ScalarSchema;
+use nur\sery\schema\input\Input;
+use nur\sery\schema\Result;
+use nur\sery\schema\Schema;
+
+class tfloat implements IType {
+  static function ensure_float(&$float): void {
+    if (!is_float($float)) $float = floatval($float);
+  }
+
+  static function ensure_nfloat(&$float): void {
+    if ($float !== null) self::ensure_float($float);
+  }
+
+  function isAvailable(Input $input, $destKey): bool {
+    return $input->isAvailable($destKey) && $input->get($destKey) !== false;
+  }
+
+  function isNull($value): bool {
+    return $value === null || (is_string($value) && trim($value) === "");
+  }
+
+  function isValid($value, ?bool &$normalized=null): bool {
+    if (is_string($value)) $valid = is_numeric(trim($value));
+    else $valid = is_scalar($value);
+    $normalized = is_float($value);
+    return $valid;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @var ScalarResult $result
+   * @var ScalarSchema $schema
+   */
+  function verifix(&$value, Result &$result, Schema $schema): bool {
+    if (is_float($value)) {
+      $result->setNormalized();
+      return false;
+    } elseif (is_string($value)) {
+      $float = trim($value);
+      if (is_numeric($float)) $value = floatval($float);
+      else return $result->setInvalid($value, $schema);
+    } elseif (is_scalar($value)) {
+      $value = floatval($value);
+    } else {
+      return $result->setInvalid($value, $schema);
+    }
+    $result->setValid();
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  function format($value, $format=null): string {
+    if ($format !== null) return sprintf($format, $value);
+    else return strval($value);
+  }
 }
diff --git a/src/schema/types/tint.php b/src/schema/types/tint.php
index 232a3cc..a5c52cd 100644
--- a/src/schema/types/tint.php
+++ b/src/schema/types/tint.php
@@ -27,11 +27,8 @@ class tint implements IType {
   const INT_PATTERN = '/^[-+]?[0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]*)?$/';
 
   function isValid($value, ?bool &$normalized=null): bool {
-    if (is_string($value)) {
-      $valid = preg_match(self::INT_PATTERN, trim($value));
-    } else {
-      $valid = is_scalar($value);
-    }
+    if (is_string($value)) $valid = is_numeric(trim($value));
+    else $valid = is_scalar($value);
     $normalized = is_int($value);
     return $valid;
   }
@@ -46,7 +43,7 @@ class tint implements IType {
       return false;
     } elseif (is_string($value)) {
       $int = trim($value);
-      if (preg_match(self::INT_PATTERN, $int)) $value = intval($int);
+      if (is_numeric($int)) $value = intval($int);
       else return $result->setInvalid($value, $schema);
     } elseif (is_scalar($value)) {
       $value = intval($value);
diff --git a/src/schema/types/tstring.php b/src/schema/types/tstring.php
index 3cd3663..e36203f 100644
--- a/src/schema/types/tstring.php
+++ b/src/schema/types/tstring.php
@@ -48,6 +48,6 @@ class tstring implements IType {
   }
 
   function format($value, $format=null): string {
-    return $value;
+    return strval($value);
   }
 }
diff --git a/tests/schema/schemaTest.php b/tests/schema/schemaTest.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 67f66ed..0000000
--- a/tests/schema/schemaTest.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,203 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-namespace nur\sery\schema;
-
-use Exception;
-use nulib\tests\TestCase;
-use nur\sery\schema\_scalar\ScalarValue;
-
-class schemaTest extends TestCase {
-  function testInt() {
-    /** @var ScalarValue $intv */
-    Schema::nv($intv, $int, null, $schema, "int");
-    $intvSetter = function($value) use($intv) {
-      return function() use($intv, $value) {
-        $intv->set($value);
-      };
-    };
-
-    self::assertException(Exception::class, $intvSetter(null));
-    self::assertException(Exception::class, $intvSetter(""));
-    self::assertException(Exception::class, $intvSetter(" "));
-
-    $intv->set(12);
-    self::assertSame(12, $intv->get());
-    self::assertSame(12, $int);
-    self::assertSame("12", $intv->format());
-    self::assertSame("0012", $intv->format("%04u"));
-
-    $intv->set("12");
-    self::assertSame(12, $intv->get());
-
-    $intv->set(" 12 ");
-    self::assertSame(12, $intv->get());
-
-    $intv->set(true);
-    self::assertSame(1, $intv->get());
-
-    // valeur non requise donc retourne null
-    $intv->set(false);
-    self::assertNull($intv->get());
-
-    self::assertException(Exception::class, $intvSetter("a"));
-    self::assertException(Exception::class, $intvSetter([]));
-    self::assertException(Exception::class, $intvSetter(["a"]));
-  }
-
-  function testRequiredInt() {
-    /** @var ScalarValue $intv */
-    Schema::nv($intv, $int, null, $schema, [
-      "int", null,
-      "required" => true,
-    ]);
-    $intvSetter = function($value) use($intv) {
-      return function() use($intv, $value) {
-        $intv->set($value);
-      };
-    };
-
-    self::assertException(Exception::class, $intvSetter(null));
-    self::assertException(Exception::class, $intvSetter(""));
-    self::assertException(Exception::class, $intvSetter(" "));
-
-    $intv->set(12);
-    self::assertSame(12, $intv->get());
-    self::assertSame(12, $int);
-    self::assertSame("12", $intv->format());
-    self::assertSame("0012", $intv->format("%04u"));
-
-    $intv->set("12");
-    self::assertSame(12, $intv->get());
-
-    $intv->set(" 12 ");
-    self::assertSame(12, $intv->get());
-
-    $intv->set(true);
-    self::assertSame(1, $intv->get());
-
-    // valeur requise donc lance une exception
-    self::assertException(Exception::class, $intvSetter(false));
-
-    self::assertException(Exception::class, $intvSetter("a"));
-    self::assertException(Exception::class, $intvSetter([]));
-    self::assertException(Exception::class, $intvSetter(["a"]));
-  }
-
-  function testNint() {
-    /** @var ScalarValue $intv */
-    Schema::nv($intv, $int, null, $schema, "?int");
-    $intvSetter = function($value) use($intv) {
-      return function() use($intv, $value) {
-        $intv->set($value);
-      };
-    };
-
-    $intv->set(null);
-    self::assertNull($intv->get());
-    self::assertNull($int);
-    self::assertSame("", $intv->format());
-
-    $intv->set("");
-    self::assertNull($intv->get());
-    self::assertNull($int);
-    self::assertSame("", $intv->format());
-
-    $intv->set(" ");
-    self::assertNull($intv->get());
-    self::assertNull($int);
-    self::assertSame("", $intv->format());
-
-    $intv->set(12);
-    self::assertSame(12, $intv->get());
-    self::assertSame(12, $int);
-    self::assertSame("12", $intv->format());
-    self::assertSame("0012", $intv->format("%04u"));
-
-    $intv->set("12");
-    self::assertSame(12, $int);
-
-    $intv->set(" 12 ");
-    self::assertSame(12, $int);
-
-    $intv->set(true);
-    self::assertSame(1, $int);
-
-    // valeur non requise donc retourne null
-    $intv->set(false);
-    self::assertNull($intv->get());
-
-    self::assertException(Exception::class, $intvSetter("a"));
-    self::assertException(Exception::class, $intvSetter([]));
-    self::assertException(Exception::class, $intvSetter(["a"]));
-  }
-
-  function testRequiredNint() {
-    /** @var ScalarValue $intv */
-    Schema::nv($intv, $int, null, $schema, [
-      "?int", null,
-      "required" => true,
-    ]);
-    $intvSetter = function($value) use($intv) {
-      return function() use($intv, $value) {
-        $intv->set($value);
-      };
-    };
-
-    $intv->set(null);
-    self::assertNull($intv->get());
-    self::assertNull($int);
-    self::assertSame("", $intv->format());
-
-    $intv->set("");
-    self::assertNull($intv->get());
-    self::assertNull($int);
-    self::assertSame("", $intv->format());
-
-    $intv->set(" ");
-    self::assertNull($intv->get());
-    self::assertNull($int);
-    self::assertSame("", $intv->format());
-
-    $intv->set(12);
-    self::assertSame(12, $intv->get());
-    self::assertSame(12, $int);
-    self::assertSame("12", $intv->format());
-    self::assertSame("0012", $intv->format("%04u"));
-
-    $intv->set("12");
-    self::assertSame(12, $int);
-
-    $intv->set(" 12 ");
-    self::assertSame(12, $int);
-
-    $intv->set(true);
-    self::assertSame(1, $int);
-
-    // valeur requise donc lance une exception
-    self::assertException(Exception::class, $intvSetter(false));
-
-    self::assertException(Exception::class, $intvSetter("a"));
-    self::assertException(Exception::class, $intvSetter([]));
-    self::assertException(Exception::class, $intvSetter(["a"]));
-  }
-
-  function testUnionTypes() {
-    ## l'ordre des types doit être respecté
-    
-    # string puis int
-    /** @var ScalarValue $siv */
-    Schema::nv($siv, $si, null, $sis, "string|int");
-
-    $siv->set("12");
-    self::assertSame("12", $si);
-    $siv->set(12);
-    self::assertSame(12, $si);
-
-    # int puis string
-    Schema::nv($isv, $is, null, $iss, "int|string");
-
-    $isv->set("12");
-    self::assertSame("12", $is);
-    $isv->set(12);
-    self::assertSame(12, $is);
-  }
-}
diff --git a/tests/schema/types/boolTest.php b/tests/schema/types/boolTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82dd766
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/schema/types/boolTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<?php
+namespace nur\sery\schema\types;
+
+use Exception;
+use nulib\tests\TestCase;
+use nur\sery\schema\_scalar\ScalarValue;
+use nur\sery\schema\Schema;
+
+class boolTest extends TestCase {
+  function commonTests($destv, &$dest, callable $destvSetter): void {
+    $destv->set(true);
+    self::assertSame(true, $destv->get());
+    self::assertSame(true, $dest);
+    self::assertSame("Oui", $destv->format());
+    self::assertSame("Oui", $destv->format("OuiNonNull"));
+    self::assertSame("O", $destv->format("ON"));
+    self::assertSame("O", $destv->format("ONN"));
+
+    $destv->set(false);
+    self::assertSame(false, $destv->get());
+    self::assertSame(false, $dest);
+    self::assertSame("Non", $destv->format());
+    self::assertSame("Non", $destv->format("OuiNonNull"));
+    self::assertSame("N", $destv->format("ON"));
+    self::assertSame("N", $destv->format("ONN"));
+
+    $destv->set("yes");
+    self::assertSame(true, $destv->get());
+
+    $destv->set(" yes ");
+    self::assertSame(true, $destv->get());
+
+    $destv->set("12");
+    self::assertSame(true, $destv->get());
+
+    $destv->set(12);
+    self::assertSame(true, $destv->get());
+
+    $destv->set("no");
+    self::assertSame(false, $destv->get());
+
+    $destv->set(" no ");
+    self::assertSame(false, $destv->get());
+
+    $destv->set("0");
+    self::assertSame(false, $destv->get());
+
+    $destv->set(0);
+    self::assertSame(false, $destv->get());
+
+    $destv->set(12.34);
+    self::assertSame(true, $destv->get());
+
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter("a"));
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter([]));
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter(["a"]));
+
+  }
+
+  function testBool() {
+    /** @var ScalarValue $destv */
+    Schema::nv($destv, $dest, null, $schema, "bool");
+    $destvSetter = function($value) use($destv) {
+      return function() use($destv, $value) {
+        $destv->set($value);
+      };
+    };
+
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter(null));
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter(""));
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter(" "));
+
+    $this->commonTests($destv, $dest, $destvSetter);
+  }
+
+  function testNbool() {
+    /** @var ScalarValue $destv */
+    Schema::nv($destv, $dest, null, $schema, "?bool");
+    $destvSetter = function($value) use($destv) {
+      return function() use($destv, $value) {
+        $destv->set($value);
+      };
+    };
+
+    $destv->set(null);
+    self::assertNull($destv->get());
+    self::assertNull($dest);
+    self::assertSame("Non", $destv->format());
+    self::assertSame("", $destv->format("OuiNonNull"));
+    self::assertSame("N", $destv->format("ON"));
+    self::assertSame("", $destv->format("ONN"));
+
+    $destv->set("");
+    self::assertNull($destv->get());
+    self::assertNull($dest);
+    self::assertSame("Non", $destv->format());
+    self::assertSame("", $destv->format("OuiNonNull"));
+    self::assertSame("N", $destv->format("ON"));
+    self::assertSame("", $destv->format("ONN"));
+
+    $destv->set(" ");
+    self::assertNull($destv->get());
+    self::assertNull($dest);
+    self::assertSame("Non", $destv->format());
+    self::assertSame("", $destv->format("OuiNonNull"));
+    self::assertSame("N", $destv->format("ON"));
+    self::assertSame("", $destv->format("ONN"));
+
+    $this->commonTests($destv, $dest, $destvSetter);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/schema/types/floatTest.php b/tests/schema/types/floatTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..225fb08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/schema/types/floatTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+<?php
+namespace nur\sery\schema\types;
+
+use Exception;
+use nulib\tests\TestCase;
+use nur\sery\schema\_scalar\ScalarValue;
+use nur\sery\schema\Schema;
+
+class floatTest extends TestCase {
+  function commonTests($destv, &$dest, callable $destvSetter): void {
+    $destv->set(12);
+    self::assertSame(12.0, $destv->get());
+    self::assertSame(12.0, $dest);
+    self::assertSame("12", $destv->format());
+    self::assertSame("0012", $destv->format("%04u"));
+
+    $destv->set("12");
+    self::assertSame(12.0, $destv->get());
+
+    $destv->set(" 12 ");
+    self::assertSame(12.0, $destv->get());
+
+    $destv->set(12.34);
+    self::assertSame(12.34, $destv->get());
+
+    $destv->set(true);
+    self::assertSame(1.0, $destv->get());
+
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter("a"));
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter([]));
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter(["a"]));
+  }
+
+  function testFloat() {
+    /** @var ScalarValue $destv */
+    Schema::nv($destv, $dest, null, $schema, "float");
+    $destvSetter = function($value) use($destv) {
+      return function() use($destv, $value) {
+        $destv->set($value);
+      };
+    };
+
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter(null));
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter(""));
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter(" "));
+
+    // valeur non requise donc retourne null
+    $destv->set(false);
+    self::assertNull($destv->get());
+
+    $this->commonTests($destv, $dest, $destvSetter);
+  }
+
+  function testRequiredFloat() {
+    /** @var ScalarValue $destv */
+    Schema::nv($destv, $dest, null, $schema, [
+      "float", null,
+      "required" => true,
+    ]);
+    $destvSetter = function($value) use($destv) {
+      return function() use($destv, $value) {
+        $destv->set($value);
+      };
+    };
+
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter(null));
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter(""));
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter(" "));
+
+    // valeur requise donc lance une exception
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter(false));
+
+    $this->commonTests($destv, $dest, $destvSetter);
+  }
+
+  function testNfloat() {
+    /** @var ScalarValue $destv */
+    Schema::nv($destv, $dest, null, $schema, "?float");
+    $destvSetter = function($value) use($destv) {
+      return function() use($destv, $value) {
+        $destv->set($value);
+      };
+    };
+
+    $destv->set(null);
+    self::assertNull($destv->get());
+    self::assertNull($dest);
+    self::assertSame("", $destv->format());
+
+    $destv->set("");
+    self::assertNull($destv->get());
+    self::assertNull($dest);
+    self::assertSame("", $destv->format());
+
+    $destv->set(" ");
+    self::assertNull($destv->get());
+    self::assertNull($dest);
+    self::assertSame("", $destv->format());
+
+    // valeur non requise donc retourne null
+    $destv->set(false);
+    self::assertNull($destv->get());
+
+    $this->commonTests($destv, $dest, $destvSetter);
+  }
+
+  function testRequiredNfloat() {
+    /** @var ScalarValue $destv */
+    Schema::nv($destv, $dest, null, $schema, [
+      "?float", null,
+      "required" => true,
+    ]);
+    $destvSetter = function($value) use($destv) {
+      return function() use($destv, $value) {
+        $destv->set($value);
+      };
+    };
+
+    $destv->set(null);
+    self::assertNull($destv->get());
+    self::assertNull($dest);
+    self::assertSame("", $destv->format());
+
+    $destv->set("");
+    self::assertNull($destv->get());
+    self::assertNull($dest);
+    self::assertSame("", $destv->format());
+
+    $destv->set(" ");
+    self::assertNull($destv->get());
+    self::assertNull($dest);
+    self::assertSame("", $destv->format());
+
+    // valeur requise donc lance une exception
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter(false));
+
+    $this->commonTests($destv, $dest, $destvSetter);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/schema/types/intTest.php b/tests/schema/types/intTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ca3b5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/schema/types/intTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+<?php
+namespace nur\sery\schema\types;
+
+use Exception;
+use nulib\tests\TestCase;
+use nur\sery\schema\_scalar\ScalarValue;
+use nur\sery\schema\Schema;
+
+class intTest extends TestCase {
+  function commonTests($destv, &$dest, callable $destvSetter): void {
+    $destv->set(12);
+    self::assertSame(12, $destv->get());
+    self::assertSame(12, $dest);
+    self::assertSame("12", $destv->format());
+    self::assertSame("0012", $destv->format("%04u"));
+
+    $destv->set("12");
+    self::assertSame(12, $destv->get());
+
+    $destv->set(" 12 ");
+    self::assertSame(12, $destv->get());
+
+    $destv->set(12.34);
+    self::assertSame(12, $destv->get());
+
+    $destv->set(true);
+    self::assertSame(1, $destv->get());
+
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter("a"));
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter([]));
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter(["a"]));
+  }
+
+  function testInt() {
+    /** @var ScalarValue $destv */
+    Schema::nv($destv, $dest, null, $schema, "int");
+    $destvSetter = function($value) use($destv) {
+      return function() use($destv, $value) {
+        $destv->set($value);
+      };
+    };
+
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter(null));
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter(""));
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter(" "));
+
+    // valeur non requise donc retourne null
+    $destv->set(false);
+    self::assertNull($destv->get());
+
+    $this->commonTests($destv, $dest, $destvSetter);
+  }
+
+  function testRequiredInt() {
+    /** @var ScalarValue $destv */
+    Schema::nv($destv, $dest, null, $schema, [
+      "int", null,
+      "required" => true,
+    ]);
+    $destvSetter = function($value) use($destv) {
+      return function() use($destv, $value) {
+        $destv->set($value);
+      };
+    };
+
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter(null));
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter(""));
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter(" "));
+
+    // valeur requise donc lance une exception
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter(false));
+
+    $this->commonTests($destv, $dest, $destvSetter);
+  }
+
+  function testNint() {
+    /** @var ScalarValue $destv */
+    Schema::nv($destv, $dest, null, $schema, "?int");
+    $destvSetter = function($value) use($destv) {
+      return function() use($destv, $value) {
+        $destv->set($value);
+      };
+    };
+
+    $destv->set(null);
+    self::assertNull($destv->get());
+    self::assertNull($dest);
+    self::assertSame("", $destv->format());
+
+    $destv->set("");
+    self::assertNull($destv->get());
+    self::assertNull($dest);
+    self::assertSame("", $destv->format());
+
+    $destv->set(" ");
+    self::assertNull($destv->get());
+    self::assertNull($dest);
+    self::assertSame("", $destv->format());
+
+    // valeur non requise donc retourne null
+    $destv->set(false);
+    self::assertNull($destv->get());
+
+    $this->commonTests($destv, $dest, $destvSetter);
+  }
+
+  function testRequiredNint() {
+    /** @var ScalarValue $destv */
+    Schema::nv($destv, $dest, null, $schema, [
+      "?int", null,
+      "required" => true,
+    ]);
+    $destvSetter = function($value) use($destv) {
+      return function() use($destv, $value) {
+        $destv->set($value);
+      };
+    };
+
+    $destv->set(null);
+    self::assertNull($destv->get());
+    self::assertNull($dest);
+    self::assertSame("", $destv->format());
+
+    $destv->set("");
+    self::assertNull($destv->get());
+    self::assertNull($dest);
+    self::assertSame("", $destv->format());
+
+    $destv->set(" ");
+    self::assertNull($destv->get());
+    self::assertNull($dest);
+    self::assertSame("", $destv->format());
+
+    // valeur requise donc lance une exception
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter(false));
+
+    $this->commonTests($destv, $dest, $destvSetter);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/schema/types/strTest.php b/tests/schema/types/strTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c871afa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/schema/types/strTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+<?php
+namespace nur\sery\schema\types;
+
+use Exception;
+use nulib\tests\TestCase;
+use nur\sery\schema\_scalar\ScalarValue;
+use nur\sery\schema\Schema;
+
+class strTest extends TestCase {
+  function commonTests($destv, &$dest, callable $destvSetter): void {
+    $destv->set("");
+    self::assertSame("", $destv->get());
+    self::assertSame("", $dest);
+
+    $destv->set(" ");
+    self::assertSame(" ", $destv->get());
+    self::assertSame(" ", $dest);
+
+    $destv->set("a");
+    self::assertSame("a", $destv->get());
+    self::assertSame("a", $dest);
+
+    $destv->set("12");
+    self::assertSame("12", $destv->get());
+
+    $destv->set(" 12 ");
+    self::assertSame(" 12 ", $destv->get());
+
+    $destv->set(12);
+    self::assertSame("12", $destv->get());
+
+    $destv->set(12.34);
+    self::assertSame("12.34", $destv->get());
+
+    $destv->set(true);
+    self::assertSame("1", $destv->get());
+
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter([]));
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter(["a"]));
+  }
+
+  function testStr() {
+    /** @var ScalarValue $destv */
+    Schema::nv($destv, $dest, null, $schema, "string");
+    $destvSetter = function($value) use($destv) {
+      return function() use($destv, $value) {
+        $destv->set($value);
+      };
+    };
+
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter(null));
+
+    // valeur non requise donc retourne null
+    $destv->set(false);
+    self::assertNull($destv->get());
+
+    $this->commonTests($destv, $dest, $destvSetter);
+  }
+
+  function testRequiredStr() {
+    /** @var ScalarValue $destv */
+    Schema::nv($destv, $dest, null, $schema, [
+      "string", null,
+      "required" => true,
+    ]);
+    $destvSetter = function($value) use($destv) {
+      return function() use($destv, $value) {
+        $destv->set($value);
+      };
+    };
+
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter(null));
+
+    // valeur requise donc lance une exception
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter(false));
+
+    $this->commonTests($destv, $dest, $destvSetter);
+  }
+
+  function testNstr() {
+    /** @var ScalarValue $destv */
+    Schema::nv($destv, $dest, null, $schema, "?string");
+    $destvSetter = function($value) use($destv) {
+      return function() use($destv, $value) {
+        $destv->set($value);
+      };
+    };
+
+    $destv->set(null);
+    self::assertNull($destv->get());
+    self::assertNull($dest);
+    self::assertSame("", $destv->format());
+
+    // valeur non requise donc retourne null
+    $destv->set(false);
+    self::assertNull($destv->get());
+
+    $this->commonTests($destv, $dest, $destvSetter);
+  }
+
+  function testRequiredNstr() {
+    /** @var ScalarValue $destv */
+    Schema::nv($destv, $dest, null, $schema, [
+      "?string", null,
+      "required" => true,
+    ]);
+    $destvSetter = function($value) use($destv) {
+      return function() use($destv, $value) {
+        $destv->set($value);
+      };
+    };
+
+    $destv->set(null);
+    self::assertNull($destv->get());
+    self::assertNull($dest);
+    self::assertSame("", $destv->format());
+
+    // valeur requise donc lance une exception
+    self::assertException(Exception::class, $destvSetter(false));
+
+    $this->commonTests($destv, $dest, $destvSetter);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/schema/types/unionTest.php b/tests/schema/types/unionTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..048d088
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/schema/types/unionTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?php
+namespace nur\sery\schema\types;
+
+use nulib\tests\TestCase;
+use nur\sery\schema\_scalar\ScalarValue;
+use nur\sery\schema\Schema;
+
+class unionTest extends TestCase {
+  function testUnionTypes() {
+    ## l'ordre des types doit être respecté
+    
+    # string puis int
+    /** @var ScalarValue $siv */
+    Schema::nv($siv, $si, null, $sis, "string|int");
+
+    $siv->set("12");
+    self::assertSame("12", $si);
+    $siv->set(12);
+    self::assertSame(12, $si);
+
+    # int puis string
+    Schema::nv($isv, $is, null, $iss, "int|string");
+
+    $isv->set("12");
+    self::assertSame("12", $is);
+    $isv->set(12);
+    self::assertSame(12, $is);
+  }
+}