diff --git a/src/schema/_assoc/AssocResult.php b/src/schema/_assoc/AssocResult.php
index d55f723..99dbc41 100644
--- a/src/schema/_assoc/AssocResult.php
+++ b/src/schema/_assoc/AssocResult.php
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ namespace nur\sery\wip\schema\_assoc;
 
 use nur\sery\wip\schema\Result;
 
-class AssocResult extends Result {
+abstract/*XXX*/ class AssocResult extends Result {
   function isAssoc(?AssocResult &$assoc=null): bool { $assoc = $this; return true;}
 }
diff --git a/src/schema/_assoc/AssocSchema.php b/src/schema/_assoc/AssocSchema.php
index e39e8e6..b5d6816 100644
--- a/src/schema/_assoc/AssocSchema.php
+++ b/src/schema/_assoc/AssocSchema.php
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 <?php
 namespace nur\sery\wip\schema\_assoc;
 
-use nur\sery\cl;
-use nur\sery\ref\schema\ref_schema;
+use nulib\cl;
+use nulib\ref\schema\ref_schema;
 use nur\sery\wip\schema\Schema;
 use nur\sery\wip\schema\Value;
 
diff --git a/src/schema/_assoc/AssocValue.php b/src/schema/_assoc/AssocValue.php
index 06a5dc4..347b6ca 100644
--- a/src/schema/_assoc/AssocValue.php
+++ b/src/schema/_assoc/AssocValue.php
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ namespace nur\sery\wip\schema\_assoc;
 use nur\sery\wip\schema\Result;
 use nur\sery\wip\schema\Value;
 
-class AssocValue extends Value {
+abstract/*XXX*/ class AssocValue extends Value {
   function isAssoc(?AssocValue &$assoc=null): bool { $assoc = $this; return true; }
 
   function ensureKeys(): bool {
diff --git a/src/schema/_list/ListResult.php b/src/schema/_list/ListResult.php
index 1a2af4e..dc33239 100644
--- a/src/schema/_list/ListResult.php
+++ b/src/schema/_list/ListResult.php
@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ namespace nur\sery\wip\schema\_list;
 
 use nur\sery\wip\schema\Result;
 
-class ListResult extends Result {
+abstract/*XXX*/ class ListResult extends Result {
   function isList(?ListResult &$list=null): bool { $list = $this; return true;}
 }
diff --git a/src/schema/_list/ListSchema.php b/src/schema/_list/ListSchema.php
index a0565d0..19e3160 100644
--- a/src/schema/_list/ListSchema.php
+++ b/src/schema/_list/ListSchema.php
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <?php
 namespace nur\sery\wip\schema\_list;
 
-use nur\sery\ref\schema\ref_schema;
+use nulib\ref\schema\ref_schema;
 use nur\sery\wip\schema\Schema;
 use nur\sery\wip\schema\Value;
 
diff --git a/src/schema/_list/ListValue.php b/src/schema/_list/ListValue.php
index fd1c82c..38ce4c3 100644
--- a/src/schema/_list/ListValue.php
+++ b/src/schema/_list/ListValue.php
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ namespace nur\sery\wip\schema\_list;
 use nur\sery\wip\schema\Result;
 use nur\sery\wip\schema\Value;
 
-class ListValue extends Value {
+abstract/*XXX*/ class ListValue extends Value {
   function isList(?ListValue &$list=null): bool { $list = $this; return true; }
 
   function ensureKeys(): bool {
diff --git a/src/schema/_scalar/ScalarSchema.php b/src/schema/_scalar/ScalarSchema.php
index 2698925..b2eef7a 100644
--- a/src/schema/_scalar/ScalarSchema.php
+++ b/src/schema/_scalar/ScalarSchema.php
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use nur\sery\wip\schema\types\tbool;
 use nur\sery\wip\schema\types\tcallable;
 use nur\sery\wip\schema\types\tcontent;
 use nur\sery\wip\schema\types\tpkey;
-use nur\sery\wip\schema\types\tstring;
+use nur\sery\wip\schema\types\trawstring;
 use nur\sery\wip\schema\Value;
 
 /**
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ use nur\sery\wip\schema\Value;
  * @property-read callable|null $formatterFunc
  * @property-read mixed $format
  * @property-read array $nature
+ * @property-read array|null $schema
  * @property-read string|int|null $name
  * @property-read string|array|null $pkey
  * @property-read string|null $header
@@ -142,9 +143,9 @@ class ScalarSchema extends Schema {
     $pkey = $definition["pkey"];
     $header = $definition["header"];
     if ($name === null) $name = $definitionKey;
-    tstring::ensure_nstring($name);
+    trawstring::ensure_nstring($name);
     tpkey::ensure_npkey($pkey);
-    tstring::ensure_nstring($header);
+    trawstring::ensure_nstring($header);
     if ($pkey === null) $pkey = $name;
     if ($header === null) $header = $name;
     $definition["name"] = $name;
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ class ScalarSchema extends Schema {
     $definition["header"] = $header;
     # autres éléments
     tarray::ensure_narray($definition["schema"]);
-    tstring::ensure_nstring($definition["title"]);
+    trawstring::ensure_nstring($definition["title"]);
     tbool::ensure_bool($definition["required"]);
     tbool::ensure_bool($definition["nullable"]);
     tcontent::ensure_ncontent($definition["desc"]);
diff --git a/src/schema/_scalar/ScalarValue.php b/src/schema/_scalar/ScalarValue.php
index 41b3be3..b836465 100644
--- a/src/schema/_scalar/ScalarValue.php
+++ b/src/schema/_scalar/ScalarValue.php
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class ScalarValue extends Value {
     $this->destKey = $destKey;
     $this->type = null;
     $this->_analyze();
-    if ($verifix == null) $verifix = $this->defaultVerifix;
+    if ($verifix === null) $verifix = $this->defaultVerifix;
     if ($verifix) $this->verifix();
     return $this;
   }
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ class ScalarValue extends Value {
     $result = $this->result;
     $result->reset();
     if (!$input->isPresent($destKey)) return $result->setMissing($schema);
+
     $haveType = false;
     $types = [];
     $type = $firstType = null;
@@ -107,15 +108,18 @@ class ScalarValue extends Value {
         }
       }
     }
+
     # sinon prendre le premier type
     if (!$haveType) $type = $this->type = $firstType;
     if (!$type->isAvailable($input, $destKey)) return $result->setUnavailable($schema);
+
     $value = $input->get($destKey);
     if ($type->isNull($value)) return $result->setNull($schema);
     if ($type->isValid($value, $normalized)) {
       if ($normalized) return $result->setNormalized();
       else return $result->setValid();
     }
+
     if (is_string($value)) return ref_analyze::STRING;
     else return $result->setInvalid($value, $schema);
   }
diff --git a/src/schema/types.php b/src/schema/types.php
index 109e7bf..ae3a11f 100644
--- a/src/schema/types.php
+++ b/src/schema/types.php
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use nur\sery\wip\schema\types\tbool;
 use nur\sery\wip\schema\types\tcallable;
 use nur\sery\wip\schema\types\tfloat;
 use nur\sery\wip\schema\types\tint;
-use nur\sery\wip\schema\types\tstring;
+use nur\sery\wip\schema\types\trawstring;
 
 /**
  * Class types: classe outil pour gérer le registre de types
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ class types {
     return self::registry()->get($name);
   }
 
+  static function rawstring(): trawstring { return self::get("rawstring"); }
   static function string(): tstring { return self::get("string"); }
   static function bool(): tbool { return self::get("bool"); }
   static function int(): tint { return self::get("int"); }
diff --git a/src/schema/types/Registry.php b/src/schema/types/Registry.php
index 61a65e7..be8fe0c 100644
--- a/src/schema/types/Registry.php
+++ b/src/schema/types/Registry.php
@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
 namespace nur\sery\wip\schema\types;
 
 use nulib\cl;
+use nulib\php\func;
 
 class Registry {
   const TYPES = [
+    "rawstring" => trawstring::class,
     "string" => tstring::class,
     "bool" => tbool::class, "boolean" => tbool::class,
     "int" => tint::class, "integer" => tint::class,
@@ -25,7 +27,11 @@ class Registry {
   /** @var IType[] */
   protected $types;
 
-  function get(string $name): IType {
+  function get(string $name, ?array $params=null): IType {
+    if ($params !== null) {
+      $class = self::TYPES[$name];
+      return func::with([$class, false, $params])->invoke();
+    }
     $type = cl::get($this->types, $name);
     if ($type === null) {
       $class = self::TYPES[$name];
diff --git a/src/schema/types/_tsimple.php b/src/schema/types/_tsimple.php
index 9614125..a300743 100644
--- a/src/schema/types/_tsimple.php
+++ b/src/schema/types/_tsimple.php
@@ -4,6 +4,12 @@ namespace nur\sery\wip\schema\types;
 use nur\sery\wip\schema\input\Input;
 
 abstract class _tsimple implements IType {
+  function __construct(?array $params=null) {
+    $this->params = $params;
+  }
+
+  protected ?array $params;
+
   function isAvailable(Input $input, $destKey): bool {
     return $input->isAvailable($destKey) && $input->get($destKey) !== false;
   }
diff --git a/src/schema/types/trawstring.php b/src/schema/types/trawstring.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ac0610
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/schema/types/trawstring.php
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+<?php
+namespace nur\sery\wip\schema\types;
+
+use nur\sery\wip\schema\_scalar\ScalarResult;
+use nur\sery\wip\schema\_scalar\ScalarSchema;
+use nur\sery\wip\schema\Result;
+use nur\sery\wip\schema\Schema;
+
+class trawstring extends _tsimple {
+  const TRIM = false;
+
+  static function ensure_string(&$string): void {
+    if (!is_string($string)) $string = strval($string);
+    if (static::TRIM) $string = trim($string);
+  }
+
+  static function ensure_nstring(&$string): void {
+    if ($string !== null) self::ensure_string($string);
+  }
+
+  function __construct(?array $params=null) {
+    parent::__construct($params);
+    $this->trim = boolval($this->params["trim"] ?? static::TRIM);
+  }
+
+  protected bool $trim;
+
+  function isNull($value): bool {
+    return $value === null;
+  }
+
+  protected function check_normalized(string $value, bool $trim): bool {
+    if ($trim && $value !== "") {
+      if (preg_match('/^\s+/', $value)) {
+        return false;
+      } elseif (preg_match('/\s+$/', $value)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  function isValid($value, ?bool &$normalized=null): bool {
+    if (is_string($value)) {
+      $normalized = self::check_normalized($value, $this->trim);
+      return true;
+    }
+    return is_scalar($value);
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   * @var ScalarResult $result
+   * @var ScalarSchema $schema
+   */
+  function verifix(&$value, Result &$result, Schema $schema): bool {
+    if (is_string($value)) {
+      $normalized = false;
+      if ($this->trim) {
+        $orig = $value;
+        $value = trim($value);
+        $normalized = $value !== $orig;
+      }
+      $result->setNormalized();
+      return $normalized;
+    } elseif (is_scalar($value)) {
+      $value = strval($value);
+      if ($this->trim) $value = trim($value);
+      $result->setNormalized();
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      $result->setInvalid($value, $schema);
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  function format($value, $format=null): string {
+    return strval($value);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/schema/types/tstring.php b/src/schema/types/tstring.php
index 877707c..6f2138c 100644
--- a/src/schema/types/tstring.php
+++ b/src/schema/types/tstring.php
@@ -1,48 +1,6 @@
 <?php
 namespace nur\sery\wip\schema\types;
 
-use nur\sery\wip\schema\_scalar\ScalarResult;
-use nur\sery\wip\schema\_scalar\ScalarSchema;
-use nur\sery\wip\schema\Result;
-use nur\sery\wip\schema\Schema;
-
-class tstring extends _tsimple {
-  static function ensure_string(&$string): void {
-    if (!is_string($string)) $string = strval($string);
-  }
-
-  static function ensure_nstring(&$string): void {
-    if ($string !== null) self::ensure_string($string);
-  }
-
-  function isNull($value): bool {
-    return $value === null;
-  }
-
-  function isValid($value, ?bool &$normalized=null): bool {
-    $normalized = is_string($value);
-    return is_scalar($value);
-  }
-  
-  /**
-   * @var ScalarResult $result
-   * @var ScalarSchema $schema
-   */
-  function verifix(&$value, Result &$result, Schema $schema): bool {
-    if (is_string($value)) {
-      $result->setNormalized();
-      return false;
-    } elseif (is_scalar($value)) {
-      $value = strval($value);
-      $result->setValid();
-      return true;
-    } else {
-      $result->setInvalid($value, $schema);
-      return false;
-    }
-  }
-
-  function format($value, $format=null): string {
-    return strval($value);
-  }
+class tstring extends trawstring {
+  const TRIM = true;
 }
diff --git a/tests/wip/schema/_scalar/ScalarValueTest.php b/tests/wip/schema/_scalar/ScalarValueTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8bdc70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/wip/schema/_scalar/ScalarValueTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+<?php
+namespace nur\sery\wip\schema\_scalar;
+
+use nulib\tests\TestCase;
+use nulib\ValueException;
+
+class ScalarValueTest extends TestCase {
+  function checkValue(ScalarValue $value, $dest, bool $present, bool $available, bool $valid, bool $normalized): void {
+    self::assertSame($dest, $value->get(), "value");
+    self::assertSame($present, $value->isPresent(), "present");
+    self::assertSame($available, $value->isAvailable(), "available");
+    self::assertSame($valid, $value->isValid(), "valid");
+    self::assertSame($normalized, $value->isNormalized(), "normalized");
+  }
+
+  function testRawstring() {
+    $schema = new ScalarSchema("rawstring");
+    $value = $schema->newValue();
+
+    $string = null;
+    $value->reset($string, null, false);
+    $this->checkValue($value, null, true, true, false, false);
+    self::assertException(ValueException::class, function() use (&$value) {
+      $string = null;
+      $value->reset($string);
+    });
+
+    $string = ""; $value->reset($string, null, false);
+    $this->checkValue($value, "", true, true, true, true);
+    $string = ""; $value->reset($string);
+    $this->checkValue($value, "", true, true, true, true);
+
+    $string = "   "; $value->reset($string, null, false);
+    $this->checkValue($value, "   ", true, true, true, true);
+    $string = "   "; $value->reset($string);
+    $this->checkValue($value, "   ", true, true, true, true);
+
+    $string = "value"; $value->reset($string, null, false);
+    $this->checkValue($value, "value", true, true, true, true);
+    $string = "value"; $value->reset($string);
+    $this->checkValue($value, "value", true, true, true, true);
+
+    $string = "  value  "; $value->reset($string, null, false);
+    $this->checkValue($value, "  value  ", true, true, true, true);
+    $string = "  value  "; $value->reset($string);
+    $this->checkValue($value, "  value  ", true, true, true, true);
+
+    $string = true; $value->reset($string, null, false);
+    $this->checkValue($value, true, true, true, true, false);
+    $string = true; $value->reset($string);
+    $this->checkValue($value, "1", true, true, true, true);
+
+    $string = false; $value->reset($string, null, false);
+    $this->checkValue($value, null, true, false, true, true);
+    $string = false; $value->reset($string);
+    $this->checkValue($value, null, true, false, true, true);
+
+    $string = 42; $value->reset($string, null, false);
+    $this->checkValue($value, 42, true, true, true, false);
+    $string = 42; $value->reset($string);
+    $this->checkValue($value, "42", true, true, true, true);
+
+    $string = []; $value->reset($string, null, false);
+    $this->checkValue($value, [], true, true, false, false);
+    self::assertException(ValueException::class, function() use (&$value) {
+      $string = null;
+      $value->reset($string);
+    });
+
+    ## Tester nullable
+    $schema = new ScalarSchema("?rawstring");
+    $value = $schema->newValue();
+
+    $string = null; $value->reset($string, null, false);
+    $this->checkValue($value, null, true, true, true, true);
+    $string = null; $value->reset($string, null);
+    $this->checkValue($value, null, true, true, true, true);
+
+    ## Tester required
+    $schema = new ScalarSchema(["rawstring", "required" => true]);
+    $value = $schema->newValue();
+
+    $string = false; $value->reset($string, null, false);
+    $this->checkValue($value, null, true, false, false, false);
+    self::assertException(ValueException::class, function() use (&$value) {
+      $string = false; $value->reset($string);
+    });
+  }
+
+  function testString() {
+    $schema = new ScalarSchema("string");
+    $value = $schema->newValue();
+
+    $string = null; $value->reset($string, null, false);
+    $this->checkValue($value, null, true, true, false, false);
+    self::assertException(ValueException::class, function() use (&$value) {
+      $string = null;
+      $value->reset($string);
+    });
+
+    $string = ""; $value->reset($string, null, false);
+    $this->checkValue($value, "", true, true, true, true);
+    $string = ""; $value->reset($string);
+    $this->checkValue($value, "", true, true, true, true);
+
+    $string = "   "; $value->reset($string, null, false);
+    $this->checkValue($value, "   ", true, true, true, false);
+    $string = "   "; $value->reset($string);
+    $this->checkValue($value, "", true, true, true, true);
+
+    $string = "value"; $value->reset($string, null, false);
+    $this->checkValue($value, "value", true, true, true, true);
+    $string = "value"; $value->reset($string);
+    $this->checkValue($value, "value", true, true, true, true);
+
+    $string = "  value  "; $value->reset($string, null, false);
+    $this->checkValue($value, "  value  ", true, true, true, false);
+    $string = "  value  "; $value->reset($string);
+    $this->checkValue($value, "value", true, true, true, true);
+
+    $string = true; $value->reset($string, null, false);
+    $this->checkValue($value, true, true, true, true, false);
+    $string = true; $value->reset($string);
+    $this->checkValue($value, "1", true, true, true, true);
+
+    $string = false; $value->reset($string, null, false);
+    $this->checkValue($value, null, true, false, true, true);
+    $string = false; $value->reset($string);
+    $this->checkValue($value, null, true, false, true, true);
+
+    $string = 42; $value->reset($string, null, false);
+    $this->checkValue($value, 42, true, true, true, false);
+    $string = 42; $value->reset($string);
+    $this->checkValue($value, "42", true, true, true, true);
+
+    $string = []; $value->reset($string, null, false);
+    $this->checkValue($value, [], true, true, false, false);
+    self::assertException(ValueException::class, function() use (&$value) {
+      $string = null;
+      $value->reset($string);
+    });
+
+    ## Tester nullable
+    $schema = new ScalarSchema("?string");
+    $value = $schema->newValue();
+
+    $string = null; $value->reset($string, null, false);
+    $this->checkValue($value, null, true, true, true, true);
+    $string = null; $value->reset($string, null);
+    $this->checkValue($value, null, true, true, true, true);
+
+    ## Tester required
+    $schema = new ScalarSchema(["string", "required" => true]);
+    $value = $schema->newValue();
+
+    $string = false; $value->reset($string, null, false);
+    $this->checkValue($value, null, true, false, false, false);
+    self::assertException(ValueException::class, function() use (&$value) {
+      $string = false; $value->reset($string);
+    });
+  }
+}