diff --git a/nur_src/v/base/AbstractPageContainer.php b/nur_src/v/base/AbstractPageContainer.php
index 6c027da..260e607 100644
--- a/nur_src/v/base/AbstractPageContainer.php
+++ b/nur_src/v/base/AbstractPageContainer.php
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use nur\b\ExitError;
 use nur\co;
 use nur\config;
 use nur\func;
+use nur\json;
 use nur\v\html5\Html5BasicErrorPage;
 use nur\v\model\IChildComponent;
 use nur\v\model\IComponent;
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ use nur\v\page;
 use nur\v\prefix;
 use nur\v\vo;
 use Throwable;
+use Traversable;
 
 abstract class AbstractPageContainer implements IPageContainer {
   protected static function ensure_preparec(IComponent $c, bool $afterPrepare=false): bool {
@@ -41,10 +43,10 @@ abstract class AbstractPageContainer implements IPageContainer {
     return false;
   }
   
-  protected static function ensure_setupc(IComponent $c, bool $afterSetup=false): bool {
+  protected static function ensure_setupc(IComponent $c, bool $afterSetup=false, &$output=null): bool {
     if (!$c->didSetup()) {
       $c->beforeSetup();
-      $c->setup();
+      $output = $c->setup();
       if ($afterSetup) $c->afterSetup();
       return true;
     }
@@ -248,6 +250,7 @@ abstract class AbstractPageContainer implements IPageContainer {
   function print(): void {
     $page = $this->page;
     page::set_current_page($page);
+    $output = null;
 
     try {
       $this->phase = self::PREPARE_PHASE;
@@ -265,14 +268,43 @@ abstract class AbstractPageContainer implements IPageContainer {
       config::configure($this->config["configure_options"]);
 
       $this->phase = self::SETUP_PHASE;
-      if (self::ensure_setupc($page)) {
+      if (self::ensure_setupc($page, false, $output)) {
         $this->overrideSetup($page);
         $page->afterSetup();
       }
 
       $this->phase = self::PRINT_PHASE;
-      $this->overridePrint($page);
-
+      if ($output instanceof IComponent) {
+        self::ensure_phasec($output);
+        if ($this->beforePrint($output)) {
+          $this->haveOutput = true;
+          co::_print([$output]);
+        }
+      } elseif (is_callable($output)) {
+        if ($this->beforePrint(null)) {
+          $this->haveOutput = true;
+          $output();
+        }
+      } elseif ($output !== null) {
+        if ($this->beforePrint(null)) {
+          $this->haveOutput = true;
+          if (is_iterable($output)) {
+            header("Content-Type: application/json");
+            echo "[";
+            $sep = "";
+            foreach ($output as $data) {
+              $line = json::encode($data);
+              echo "$sep$line\n";
+              $sep = ",";
+            }
+            echo "]";
+          } else {
+            co::_print([strval($output)]);
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        $this->overridePrint($page);
+      }
     } catch (Throwable $e) {
       if ($e instanceof ExitError && !$e->isError()) {
         # NOP
@@ -293,6 +325,9 @@ abstract class AbstractPageContainer implements IPageContainer {
       }
       if ($page->didSetup()) {
         $this->phase = self::TEARDOWN_PHASE;
+        if ($output instanceof IComponent) {
+          self::ensure_teardownc($output);
+        }
         if (self::ensure_teardownc($page)) {
           $this->overrideTeardown($page);
           $page->afterTeardown();
@@ -310,11 +345,14 @@ abstract class AbstractPageContainer implements IPageContainer {
   protected function overrideSetup(IPage $page): void {
   }
 
+  protected function beforePrint(?IComponent $component): bool {
+    return $component === null || $component->haveContent();
+  }
+
   protected function overridePrint(IPage $page): void {
-    if ($page->haveContent()) {
-      $this->haveOutput = true;
-      co::_print([$page]);
-    }
+    if (!$this->beforePrint($page)) return;
+    $this->haveOutput = true;
+    co::_print([$page]);
   }
 
   protected function overrideTeardown(IPage $page): void {
diff --git a/nur_src/v/base/TComponent.php b/nur_src/v/base/TComponent.php
index 8d0035d..61dcd46 100644
--- a/nur_src/v/base/TComponent.php
+++ b/nur_src/v/base/TComponent.php
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ trait TComponent {
 
   protected $setupDone = false;
   function beforeSetup(): void {}
-  function setup(): void {}
+  function setup() {}
   function afterSetup(): void { $this->setupDone = true; }
   function didSetup(): bool { return $this->setupDone; }
 
diff --git a/nur_src/v/html5/Html5BasicPageContainer.php b/nur_src/v/html5/Html5BasicPageContainer.php
index ddcd6fd..4ba485b 100644
--- a/nur_src/v/html5/Html5BasicPageContainer.php
+++ b/nur_src/v/html5/Html5BasicPageContainer.php
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use nur\co;
 use nur\session;
 use nur\v\ly;
 use nur\v\model\IBasicPage;
+use nur\v\model\IComponent;
 use nur\v\model\IPage;
 
 class Html5BasicPageContainer extends Html5VanillaPageContainer {
@@ -23,30 +24,31 @@ class Html5BasicPageContainer extends Html5VanillaPageContainer {
 
   function isAutocloseSession(): bool { return $this->config["autoclose_session"]; }
 
-  protected function overridePrint(IPage $page): void {
+  protected function beforePrint(?IComponent $component): bool {
     if ($this->isAutocloseSession()) session::close();
+    return parent::beforePrint($component);
+  }
+
+  protected function overridePrint(IPage $page): void {
+    if (!$this->beforePrint($page)) return;
     if ($page instanceof IBasicPage) {
-      if ($page->haveContent()) {
-        $this->doResolveConfig();
-        $this->haveOutput = true;
-        $this->printStartHtml();
-        $this->printStartHead();
-        $this->printCss();
-        $this->printJs();
-        $this->printScript();
-        $this->printHeadTitle();
-        $this->printEndHead();
-        $this->printStartBody();
-        $this->printContent();
-        $this->printEndBody();
-        $this->printEndHtml();
-      }
+      $this->doResolveConfig();
+      $this->haveOutput = true;
+      $this->printStartHtml();
+      $this->printStartHead();
+      $this->printCss();
+      $this->printJs();
+      $this->printScript();
+      $this->printHeadTitle();
+      $this->printEndHead();
+      $this->printStartBody();
+      $this->printContent();
+      $this->printEndBody();
+      $this->printEndHtml();
     } else {
       # si ce n'est pas une instance de IBasicPage, l'imprimer tel quel
-      if ($page->haveContent()) {
-        $this->haveOutput = true;
-        co::_write([$this->page]);
-      }
+      $this->haveOutput = true;
+      co::_write([$page]);
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/nur_src/v/html5/Html5NavigablePageContainer.php b/nur_src/v/html5/Html5NavigablePageContainer.php
index ab02ef1..ccc80b7 100644
--- a/nur_src/v/html5/Html5NavigablePageContainer.php
+++ b/nur_src/v/html5/Html5NavigablePageContainer.php
@@ -12,69 +12,65 @@ use nur\v\v;
 
 class Html5NavigablePageContainer extends Html5BasicPageContainer {
   protected function overridePrint(IPage $page): void {
-    if ($this->isAutocloseSession()) session::close();
+    if (!$this->beforePrint($page)) return;
     if ($page instanceof IBasicPage) {
-      if ($page->haveContent()) {
-        $this->doResolveConfig();
-        $this->haveOutput = true;
-        $this->printStartHtml();
-        $this->printStartHead();
-        $this->printCss();
-        $this->printJs();
-        $this->printScript();
-        $this->printHeadTitle();
-        $this->printEndHead();
-        $this->printStartBody();
-        if ($page instanceof INavigablePage) {
-          $showNavigation = $page->navigationShowNavigation();
-          $implementsOwnLayout = $page->navigationImplementsOwnLayout();
-          $containerOptions = $page->CONTAINER_OPTIONS();
-        } else {
-          $showNavigation = false;
-          $containerOptions = null;
-        }
-        if ($showNavigation) {
-          $page->beforePrintStartNavigation();
-          if ($implementsOwnLayout) $page->printStartNavigation();
-          else $this->printStartNavigation($page->NAVBAR_OPTIONS());
-          $page->afterPrintStartNavigation();
-
-          $page->beforePrintNavigation();
-          $page->printNavigation();
-          $page->afterPrintNavigation();
-
-          $page->beforePrintEndNavigation();
-          if ($implementsOwnLayout) $page->printEndNavigation();
-          else $this->printEndNavigation();
-          $page->afterPrintEndNavigation();
-
-          $page->beforePrintStartContainer();
-          if ($implementsOwnLayout) $page->printStartContainer();
-          else $this->printStartContainer($containerOptions);
-          $page->afterPrintStartContainer();
-        } else {
-          $this->printStartContainer($containerOptions);
-        }
-        $this->printContent();
-        # s'assurer que le layout est correctement fermé
-        ly::end();
-        if ($showNavigation) {
-          $page->beforePrintEndContainer();
-          if ($implementsOwnLayout) $page->printEndContainer();
-          else $this->printEndContainer();
-          $page->afterPrintEndContainer();
-        } else {
-          $this->printEndContainer();
-        }
-        $this->printEndBody();
-        $this->printEndHtml();
+      $this->doResolveConfig();
+      $this->haveOutput = true;
+      $this->printStartHtml();
+      $this->printStartHead();
+      $this->printCss();
+      $this->printJs();
+      $this->printScript();
+      $this->printHeadTitle();
+      $this->printEndHead();
+      $this->printStartBody();
+      if ($page instanceof INavigablePage) {
+        $showNavigation = $page->navigationShowNavigation();
+        $implementsOwnLayout = $page->navigationImplementsOwnLayout();
+        $containerOptions = $page->CONTAINER_OPTIONS();
+      } else {
+        $showNavigation = false;
+        $containerOptions = null;
       }
+      if ($showNavigation) {
+        $page->beforePrintStartNavigation();
+        if ($implementsOwnLayout) $page->printStartNavigation();
+        else $this->printStartNavigation($page->NAVBAR_OPTIONS());
+        $page->afterPrintStartNavigation();
+
+        $page->beforePrintNavigation();
+        $page->printNavigation();
+        $page->afterPrintNavigation();
+
+        $page->beforePrintEndNavigation();
+        if ($implementsOwnLayout) $page->printEndNavigation();
+        else $this->printEndNavigation();
+        $page->afterPrintEndNavigation();
+
+        $page->beforePrintStartContainer();
+        if ($implementsOwnLayout) $page->printStartContainer();
+        else $this->printStartContainer($containerOptions);
+        $page->afterPrintStartContainer();
+      } else {
+        $this->printStartContainer($containerOptions);
+      }
+      $this->printContent();
+      # s'assurer que le layout est correctement fermé
+      ly::end();
+      if ($showNavigation) {
+        $page->beforePrintEndContainer();
+        if ($implementsOwnLayout) $page->printEndContainer();
+        else $this->printEndContainer();
+        $page->afterPrintEndContainer();
+      } else {
+        $this->printEndContainer();
+      }
+      $this->printEndBody();
+      $this->printEndHtml();
     } else {
       # si ce n'est pas une instance de IBasicPage, l'imprimer tel quel
-      if ($page->haveContent()) {
-        $this->haveOutput = true;
-        co::_write([$this->page]);
-      }
+      $this->haveOutput = true;
+      co::_write([$this->page]);
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/nur_src/v/html5/Html5VanillaPageContainer.php b/nur_src/v/html5/Html5VanillaPageContainer.php
index bad67ac..47a1fbe 100644
--- a/nur_src/v/html5/Html5VanillaPageContainer.php
+++ b/nur_src/v/html5/Html5VanillaPageContainer.php
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ use nur\v\base\AbstractPageContainer;
 use nur\v\base\MenuManager;
 use nur\v\fo;
 use nur\v\ly;
+use nur\v\model\IBasicPage;
 use nur\v\model\IComponent;
 use nur\v\model\IPage;
 use nur\v\model\IPlugin;
@@ -46,7 +47,8 @@ class Html5VanillaPageContainer extends AbstractPageContainer {
   }
 
   protected function overridePrint(IPage $page): void {
-    if ($page->haveContent()) {
+    if (!$this->beforePrint($page)) return;
+    if ($page instanceof IPage) {
       $this->doResolveConfig();
       $this->haveOutput = true;
       $this->printStartHtml();
@@ -62,6 +64,10 @@ class Html5VanillaPageContainer extends AbstractPageContainer {
       $this->printContent();
       $this->printEndBody();
       $this->printEndHtml();
+    } else {
+      # si ce n'est pas une instance de IPage, l'imprimer tel quel
+      $this->haveOutput = true;
+      co::_write([$page]);
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/nur_src/v/model/IComponent.php b/nur_src/v/model/IComponent.php
index 30ab379..8b2bd2d 100644
--- a/nur_src/v/model/IComponent.php
+++ b/nur_src/v/model/IComponent.php
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ interface IComponent extends IPlugin {
   function beforeSetup(): void;
 
   /** initialiser le composant */
-  function setup(): void;
+  function setup();
 
   /** marquer le composant comme initialisé */
   function afterSetup(): void;
diff --git a/nur_src/v/vp/AppCasauthPage.php b/nur_src/v/vp/AppCasauthPage.php
index 43da853..b9158df 100644
--- a/nur_src/v/vp/AppCasauthPage.php
+++ b/nur_src/v/vp/AppCasauthPage.php
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class AppCasauthPage extends AbstractPage {
   /** @var string nom de l'utilisateur connecté */
   private $user;
 
-  function setup(): void {
+  function setup() {
     $destUrl = $retUrl = null;
     $user = false;
     if ($user === false) $user = A::get($_SERVER, "REMOTE_USER", false);
diff --git a/nur_src/v/vp/AppDevauthPage.php b/nur_src/v/vp/AppDevauthPage.php
index 398f220..7b0c698 100644
--- a/nur_src/v/vp/AppDevauthPage.php
+++ b/nur_src/v/vp/AppDevauthPage.php
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ class AppDevauthPage extends AInitPage {
   /** @var string nom de l'utilisateur connecté */
   private $user;
 
-  function setup(): void {
+  function setup() {
     if (!$this->isDevauthAllowed()) {
       page::redirect($this->getLoginUrl());
     }
diff --git a/nur_src/v/vp/AppExtauthPage.php b/nur_src/v/vp/AppExtauthPage.php
index 75a4653..1cebcc2 100644
--- a/nur_src/v/vp/AppExtauthPage.php
+++ b/nur_src/v/vp/AppExtauthPage.php
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class AppExtauthPage extends AbstractPage {
   /** @var string nom de l'utilisateur connecté */
   private $user;
 
-  function setup(): void {
+  function setup() {
     $destUrl = null;
     $user = false;
     if ($user === false) $user = A::get($_SERVER, "REMOTE_USER", false);
diff --git a/nur_src/v/vp/AppLogoutPage.php b/nur_src/v/vp/AppLogoutPage.php
index 27b765d..e6afc6c 100644
--- a/nur_src/v/vp/AppLogoutPage.php
+++ b/nur_src/v/vp/AppLogoutPage.php
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class AppLogoutPage extends AInitPage {
     return static::DEBUG || F::get("d");
   }
 
-  function setup(): void {
+  function setup() {
     cookie::set("MOD_AUTH_CAS", false);
     cookie::set("MOD_AUTH_CAS_S", false);
     authz::manager()->resetSession(authz::DISCONNECTED);