diff --git a/src/schema/Wrapper.php b/src/schema/Wrapper.php
index 12049c0..4f621c5 100644
--- a/src/schema/Wrapper.php
+++ b/src/schema/Wrapper.php
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ abstract class Wrapper implements ArrayAccess, IteratorAggregate {
     $this->context->resetParams($params);
   }
 
-  protected function resetContext($resetSelectedKey): void {
+  protected function resetContext(bool $resetSelectedKey): void {
     $context = $this->context;
     $type = $context->schema->type;
     if (is_array($type)) $type = $type[0];
@@ -28,19 +28,16 @@ abstract class Wrapper implements ArrayAccess, IteratorAggregate {
     $context->result->reset();
     $context->analyzed = false;
     $context->normalized = false;
-    if ($resetSelectedKey) $context->selectedKey = null;
   }
 
-  protected function afterModify(?array $params, $resetSelectedKey=false): void {
+  protected function afterModify(?array $params, bool $resetSelectedKey=false): void {
     $context = $this->context;
     $this->resetContext($resetSelectedKey);
     if ($params["analyze"] ?? $context->analyze) {
       $this->analyze($params);
     }
-    if ($context->analyzed) {
-      if ($params["normalize"] ?? $context->normalize) {
-        $this->normalize($params);
-      }
+    if ($context->analyzed && ($params["normalize"] ?? $context->normalize)) {
+      $this->normalize($params);
     }
   }
 
@@ -80,6 +77,15 @@ abstract class Wrapper implements ArrayAccess, IteratorAggregate {
   /** normaliser la valeur */
   abstract static function _normalize(WrapperContext $context, Wrapper $wrapper, ?array $params): bool;
 
+  protected function checkResult(): void {
+    $context = $this->context;
+    /** @var ScalarResult $result */
+    $result = $context->result;
+    if (!$result->valid) {
+      $result->throw($params["throw"] ?? $context->throw);
+    }
+  }
+
   function normalize(?array $params=null): bool {
     $context = $this->context;
 
@@ -95,11 +101,7 @@ abstract class Wrapper implements ArrayAccess, IteratorAggregate {
       $modified = false;
     }
 
-    /** @var ScalarResult $result */
-    $result = $context->result;
-    if (!$result->valid) {
-      $result->throw($params["throw"] ?? $context->throw);
-    }
+    $this->checkResult();
     return $modified;
   }
 
@@ -115,7 +117,7 @@ abstract class Wrapper implements ArrayAccess, IteratorAggregate {
    * @param string|int|null $key
    * @return Wrapper $this
    */
-  abstract function select($key): Wrapper;
+  abstract function select($key=null): Wrapper;
 
   function getIterator() {
     foreach ($this->getKeys() as $key) {
diff --git a/src/schema/WrapperContext.php b/src/schema/WrapperContext.php
index d005ea9..a47bfd7 100644
--- a/src/schema/WrapperContext.php
+++ b/src/schema/WrapperContext.php
@@ -37,8 +37,6 @@ class WrapperContext {
   /** @var mixed */
   public $value = null;
 
-  /** @var string|int|null clé sélectionnée */
-  public $selectedKey = null;
   /** type de la valeur de la clé sélectionnée après analyse */
   public ?IType $type = null;
   /** résultat de l'analyse de la valeur de la clé sélectionnée */
diff --git a/src/schema/_assoc/AssocWrapper.php b/src/schema/_assoc/AssocWrapper.php
index 0b8ff08..18b7737 100644
--- a/src/schema/_assoc/AssocWrapper.php
+++ b/src/schema/_assoc/AssocWrapper.php
@@ -14,23 +14,25 @@ use nulib\schema\WrapperContext;
 
 class AssocWrapper extends Wrapper {
   function __construct(AssocSchema $schema, &$value=null, $valueKey=null, ?array $params=null) {
-    $keys = $schema->getKeys();
-    $keyParams = cl::merge($params, [
+    $this->context = $context = new AssocWrapperContext($schema, null, null, $params);
+    $paramsNoThrow = cl::merge($params, [
       "throw" => false,
     ]);
+
+    $keys = $schema->getKeys();
     $keyWrappers = [];
     foreach ($keys as $key) {
-      $value = null;
-      $keyWrappers[$key] = $schema->getSchema($key)->getWrapper($value, null, $keyParams);
+      $keyDummy = null;
+      $keyWrappers[$key] = $schema->getSchema($key)->getWrapper($keyDummy, null, $paramsNoThrow);
     }
-    $this->context = $context = new AssocWrapperContext($schema, null, null, $params);
-    $arrayParams = cl::merge($params, [
-      "throw" => false,
-    ]);
-    $context->arrayWrapper = new ScalarWrapper($schema, $dummy, null, $arrayParams, $context);
     $context->keys = $keys;
     $context->keyWrappers = $keyWrappers;
 
+    $arrayDummy = null;
+    $context->arrayWrapper = new ScalarWrapper($schema, $arrayDummy, null, $paramsNoThrow, $context);
+
+    $context->assocResult = new ScalarResult();#XX AssocResult
+
     if ($value !== null) {
       # n'initialiser que si $value n'est pas null
       $this->reset($value, $valueKey);
@@ -40,13 +42,14 @@ class AssocWrapper extends Wrapper {
   /** @var AssocWrapperContext  */
   protected WrapperContext $context;
 
-  protected function resetContext($resetSelectedKey): void {
+  protected function resetContext(bool $resetSelectedKey): void {
     parent::resetContext($resetSelectedKey);
     $context = $this->context;
     $context->arrayWrapper->getResult()->reset();
     foreach ($context->keyWrappers as $wrapper) {
       $wrapper->getResult()->reset();
     }
+    if ($resetSelectedKey) $context->selectedKey = null;
   }
 
   function reset(&$value, $valueKey=null, ?array $params=null): Wrapper {
@@ -69,7 +72,7 @@ class AssocWrapper extends Wrapper {
 
   protected function _getWrapper($key): Wrapper {
     $context = $this->context;
-    if ($key === null) return $context->arrayWrapper;
+    if ($key === null || $key === "") return $context->arrayWrapper;
     $wrapper = $context->keyWrappers[$key] ?? null;
     if ($wrapper === null) throw ValueException::invalid_key($key);
     return $wrapper;
@@ -99,9 +102,10 @@ class AssocWrapper extends Wrapper {
 
     $what = ScalarWrapper::_analyze($context, $wrapper, $params);
     /** @var ScalarResult $result */
-    $result = $context->result;
-    if (!$result->valid) return $what;
+    if (!$context->result->valid) return $what;
 
+    $result = $context->assocResult;
+    $result->setValid();
     foreach ($context->keyWrappers as $keyWrapper) {
       $keyWrapper->analyze($params);
       if ($keyWrapper->isValid()) continue;
@@ -155,7 +159,17 @@ class AssocWrapper extends Wrapper {
     return $modified;
   }
 
+  protected function checkResult(): void {
+    $context = $this->context;
+    /** @var ScalarResult $result */
+    $result = $context->assocResult;
+    if (!$result->valid) {
+      $result->throw($params["throw"] ?? $context->throw);
+    }
+  }
+
   function getResult($key=false): Result {
+    if ($key === null) return $this->context->assocResult;
     if ($key === false) $key = $this->context->selectedKey;
     return $this->_getWrapper($key)->getResult();
   }
diff --git a/src/schema/_assoc/AssocWrapperContext.php b/src/schema/_assoc/AssocWrapperContext.php
index 01c417e..a75321b 100644
--- a/src/schema/_assoc/AssocWrapperContext.php
+++ b/src/schema/_assoc/AssocWrapperContext.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 namespace nulib\schema\_assoc;
 
 use nulib\ref\schema\ref_schema;
+use nulib\schema\_scalar\ScalarResult;
 use nulib\schema\_scalar\ScalarWrapper;
 use nulib\schema\Wrapper;
 use nulib\schema\WrapperContext;
@@ -28,4 +29,9 @@ class AssocWrapperContext extends WrapperContext {
 
   /** @var Wrapper[] */
   public array $keyWrappers;
+
+  public ScalarResult $assocResult;
+
+  /** @var string|int|null clé sélectionnée */
+  public $selectedKey = null;
 }
diff --git a/src/schema/_scalar/ScalarWrapper.php b/src/schema/_scalar/ScalarWrapper.php
index 72f1e40..0aceea6 100644
--- a/src/schema/_scalar/ScalarWrapper.php
+++ b/src/schema/_scalar/ScalarWrapper.php
@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ class ScalarWrapper extends Wrapper {
   }
 
   /** @param string|int|null $key */
-  function select($key): ScalarWrapper {
-    if ($key !== null) throw ValueException::invalid_key($key);
-    return $this;
+  function select($key=null): ScalarWrapper {
+    if ($key === null || $key === "") return $this;
+    throw ValueException::invalid_key($key);
   }
 
   /** analyser la valeur et résoudre son type */